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Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 00:19:11 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: cdrom
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On Mon, Aug 31, 1998 at 06:56:10PM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:
> Hi,
> Has someone managed to mount a CD yet?

my Indy doesn't have a CDrom drive. But it works on my M700. So it's
probably related to the scsi low level driver. Ralf mentioned some
problems with DAT, but that could also be a generic problem.

> scsi: aborting command due to timeout : pid 665, scsi0, channel 0, id4,
> lun 0 Test Unit Ready 00 00 00 00 00

and CDrom drive works with IRIX ?

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Aug 31 16:28:49 1998
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Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 01:26:26 +0200
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: cdrom
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On Tue, Sep 01, 1998 at 12:19:11AM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> On Mon, Aug 31, 1998 at 06:56:10PM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:
> > Hi,
> > Has someone managed to mount a CD yet?
> 
> my Indy doesn't have a CDrom drive. But it works on my M700. So it's
> probably related to the scsi low level driver. Ralf mentioned some
> problems with DAT, but that could also be a generic problem.

DAT and a couple more of the wd33c93 driver options available via the
kernel command line.  I wouldn't wonder if a CDROM or second disk results
in the same sick effects.

Somebody recently offered to take a look on driver issues, any success
yet?

  Ralf

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Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:55:05 +0200
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: cdrom
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On Tue, Sep 01, 1998 at 12:19:11AM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> On Mon, Aug 31, 1998 at 06:56:10PM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:
> > Hi,
> > Has someone managed to mount a CD yet?
> 
> my Indy doesn't have a CDrom drive. But it works on my M700. So it's
> probably related to the scsi low level driver. Ralf mentioned some
> problems with DAT, but that could also be a generic problem.
> 
> > scsi: aborting command due to timeout : pid 665, scsi0, channel 0, id4,
> > lun 0 Test Unit Ready 00 00 00 00 00
> 
> and CDrom drive works with IRIX ?

The problems seems to be associated with either sync SCSI or disconnect/
reconnect.  I did a two line modification to sgiwd93.c which disables
sync and disconnect/reconnect.  I now have since about a hour running:

  dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/zero &
  dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/zero &
  dd if=/dev/sdc of=/dev/zero &
  find / /ext -xdev | cpio -o -H crc -F /dev/nst0 --verbose

No problem so far.  (Except that SCSI performance even with only single
disk activity is further converging to zero ...)

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep  1 10:51:04 1998
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Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 19:50:46 +0200 (CEST)
From: Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
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To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
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Subject: Re: cdrom
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On Tue, 1 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:

> On Tue, Sep 01, 1998 at 12:19:11AM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:
> 
> The problems seems to be associated with either sync SCSI or disconnect/
> reconnect.  I did a two line modification to sgiwd93.c which disables
> sync and disconnect/reconnect.  I now have since about a hour running:
> 
>   dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/zero &
>   dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/zero &
>   dd if=/dev/sdc of=/dev/zero &
>   find / /ext -xdev | cpio -o -H crc -F /dev/nst0 --verbose
> 
> No problem so far.  (Except that SCSI performance even with only single
> disk activity is further converging to zero ...)

I tried to implement your ideas, I disabled sync, I don't know how you
disable disconnect/reconnect. Anyway, I don't think that's the problem.
The problem is the sigsegv in mount the oops causes, do we have something
like a 'half' mounted device?

Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00000000, epc ==
88021bcc, ra == 8809414
Oops: 0000
...
epc   : 88021bcc
Status: 3004fc02
Cause : 00000008
Segmentation fault

I get those other messages ...

scsi: aborting command due to timeout ...

...  when I try to access the directory where I mounted the CDROM drive.
Do you think my SC hack is causing this mess?

- Ulf


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep  1 11:17:21 1998
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Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 14:05:23 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
cc: ralf@uni-koblenz.de, Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: cdrom
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Not to be a whiner, but I've *always* had a problem with accessing more
than one SCSI device at a time, both with a CDROM and a hard disk.

- Alex


-- 
Alex deVries, puffin on LinuxNet.
http://www.engsoc.carleton.ca/~adevries/ .



On Tue, 1 Sep 1998, Ulf Carlsson wrote:

> Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 19:50:46 +0200 (CEST)
> From: Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
> To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
>     linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
> Subject: Re: cdrom
> 
> On Tue, 1 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> 
> > On Tue, Sep 01, 1998 at 12:19:11AM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:
> > 
> > The problems seems to be associated with either sync SCSI or disconnect/
> > reconnect.  I did a two line modification to sgiwd93.c which disables
> > sync and disconnect/reconnect.  I now have since about a hour running:
> > 
> >   dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/zero &
> >   dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/zero &
> >   dd if=/dev/sdc of=/dev/zero &
> >   find / /ext -xdev | cpio -o -H crc -F /dev/nst0 --verbose
> > 
> > No problem so far.  (Except that SCSI performance even with only single
> > disk activity is further converging to zero ...)
> 
> I tried to implement your ideas, I disabled sync, I don't know how you
> disable disconnect/reconnect. Anyway, I don't think that's the problem.
> The problem is the sigsegv in mount the oops causes, do we have something
> like a 'half' mounted device?
> 
> Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00000000, epc ==
> 88021bcc, ra == 8809414
> Oops: 0000
> ...
> epc   : 88021bcc
> Status: 3004fc02
> Cause : 00000008
> Segmentation fault
> 
> I get those other messages ...
> 
> scsi: aborting command due to timeout ...
> 
> ...  when I try to access the directory where I mounted the CDROM drive.
> Do you think my SC hack is causing this mess?
> 
> - Ulf
> 


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep  1 12:18:46 1998
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Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 15:19:31 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: cdrom
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On Tue, 1 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> The problems seems to be associated with either sync SCSI or disconnect/
> reconnect.  I did a two line modification to sgiwd93.c which disables
> sync and disconnect/reconnect.  I now have since about a hour running:

Could you upload those patches to the cvs?

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep  2 07:30:53 1998
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Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 23:56:54 +0200
To: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: cdrom
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On Tue, Sep 01, 1998 at 03:19:31PM -0400, Alex deVries wrote:

> On Tue, 1 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> > The problems seems to be associated with either sync SCSI or disconnect/
> > reconnect.  I did a two line modification to sgiwd93.c which disables
> > sync and disconnect/reconnect.  I now have since about a hour running:
> 
> Could you upload those patches to the cvs?

Toxic waste like that hack doesn't belong into a CVS archive.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep  2 07:30:18 1998
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Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1998 00:08:40 +0200
To: Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: cdrom
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On Tue, Sep 01, 1998 at 07:50:46PM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:

> I tried to implement your ideas, I disabled sync, I don't know how you
> disable disconnect/reconnect. Anyway, I don't think that's the problem.
> The problem is the sigsegv in mount the oops causes, do we have something
> like a 'half' mounted device?

The mount operation is assumed to be atomic.  If it's not you're in deep
trouble.

> Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00000000, epc ==
> 88021bcc, ra == 8809414
> Oops: 0000
> ...
> epc   : 88021bcc
> Status: 3004fc02
> Cause : 00000008
> Segmentation fault
> 
> I get those other messages ...

As I recently told you on IRC - the patch as you've posted it is not
correct.  It will misstreat VCEI exceptions.

> scsi: aborting command due to timeout ...
> 
> ...  when I try to access the directory where I mounted the CDROM drive.
> Do you think my SC hack is causing this mess?

Not the timeouts, they're a genuine wd driver bug.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep  2 08:58:32 1998
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On Wed, 2 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:

> As I recently told you on IRC - the patch as you've posted it is not
> correct.  It will misstreat VCEI exceptions.

My idea is based on that we write the wrong cache line back, and that's
why we receive the invalid instruction errors. 

Maybe this is foolish, but anyway: If we have data from main memory cached
in the secondary cache and then overwrite that data line in main memory
with an instruction line and cache the instruction. We receive a VCEI when
we try to access the cached line, and our handler writes the data back
instead of the intstruction and causes the invalid instructions. Well,
this is the only idea I have at the moment.

- Ulf



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep  4 09:04:40 1998
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Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1998 17:03:49 +0100 (BST)
From: Leon Verrall <leon@reading.sgi.com>
To: SGI Linux <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Success at last...
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FInally got rid of the "Warning, unable to open console" message. I think I
managed it by not letting IRIX anywhere near the tarball of hard hat.
Downloaded and extracted entirely on Debian Linux.

The installer went without a hitch *applause* and I now have a running
Indy...

The only odd think I've noticed is the console(s) are defaulting to 150
columns and 68 lines (I think) which is way larger than the visible area.
I've fiddles with stty and the likes... Is there something fundamental going
on here?

Leon

-- 
Leon Verrall - 01189 307734  \ "Don't cut your losses too soon,
Secondline Software Support  / 'cos you'll only be cutting your throat.
Silicon Graphics, Forum 1,   \ And answer a call while you still care at all
Station Rd., Theale, RG7 4RA / 'cos nobody will if you wont" (6:00 - DT)


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep  4 10:07:50 1998
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Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1998 13:09:43 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: Leon Verrall <leon@reading.sgi.com>
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On Fri, 4 Sep 1998, Leon Verrall wrote:
> 
> FInally got rid of the "Warning, unable to open console" message. I think I
> managed it by not letting IRIX anywhere near the tarball of hard hat.
> Downloaded and extracted entirely on Debian Linux.

This is really weird.  Can you explain in greater detail what you changed
to make sure that it worked?

> The installer went without a hitch *applause* and I now have a running
> Indy...

<puffin takes a bow>

These kinds of stories are very encouraging.  October 1 is when I'm going
to start again with the installer work, and this time it'll be done
*properly*, as the current one is a gross hack.

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep  4 11:52:20 1998
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Hi,

I think you forgot a break in the middle of a switch statement, setting
order to 3 is pretty nonsense otherwise.
I compiled a new kernel with my patch, and I couldn't see any changes. The
VCED is probably handled correctly by the interrupt anyway.

patch applies to arch/mips/mm/init.c

--- init.c.org  Fri Sep  4 20:34:11 1998
+++ init.c      Fri Sep  4 20:45:40 1998
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
        case CPU_R4400SC:
        case CPU_R4400MC:
                order = 3;
+               break;
        default:
                order = 0;
        }

- Ulf


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep  4 14:27:01 1998
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Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1998 23:25:28 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
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On Fri, Sep 04, 1998 at 08:51:47PM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:

> I think you forgot a break in the middle of a switch statement, setting
> order to 3 is pretty nonsense otherwise.
> I compiled a new kernel with my patch, and I couldn't see any changes. The
> VCED is probably handled correctly by the interrupt anyway.

Thanks, applied.  Note that this bug just resulted in somewhat reduced
performance at cost of 28kb more memory used.  On SC CPUs we use 8
different empty_zero_page pages to avoid VCED errors completly.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sat Sep  5 13:36:40 1998
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Date: Sat, 5 Sep 1998 22:33:07 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: SCSI problems
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I'm trying to narrow down the SCSI problems, which some people are seeing.
I did some test with a DAT drive and got also problems. Right now my Indy
is running with a normal kernel but with SCSI dma disabled. And I didn't
see any problems. So could anybody try to start the kernel with following
setup option added:

wd33c93=nodma:1

Of course this decreases the SCSI speed, but I want know, if we get rid
of the problems. If I'm on the right track, I suspect some problems with
DMA/cache flushing.

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sun Sep  6 02:41:07 1998
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Date: Sun, 6 Sep 1998 11:37:15 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: Ulf Carlsson <grim@ballyhoo.ml.org>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: SCSI problems
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On Sun, Sep 06, 1998 at 10:54:52AM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:
> On Sat, 5 Sep 1998, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:
> Which processor do you have, e.g. which dma_cache_wback_inv procedure are
> you making use of? 

it's a R4600 with second level cache. So it should use 
r4k_dma_cache_wback_inv_sc(), too.

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Sep  7 14:45:40 1998
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Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 01:23:31 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Ulf Carlsson <grim@ballyhoo.ml.org>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: SCSI problems
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On Sun, Sep 06, 1998 at 11:37:15AM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> On Sun, Sep 06, 1998 at 10:54:52AM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:
> > On Sat, 5 Sep 1998, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:
> > Which processor do you have, e.g. which dma_cache_wback_inv procedure are
> > you making use of? 
> 
> it's a R4600 with second level cache. So it should use 
> r4k_dma_cache_wback_inv_sc(), too.

The R4600 _CPU_ doesn't support an l2 cache therefore the *_pc variants are
being used.  The l2 cache on the indy CPU module is handled by the logic on
the CPU _module_; the code to deal with that is being called by the *_pc
functions and is in arch/mips/sgi/kernel/indy_sc.c.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Sep  7 11:58:01 1998
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What happend to the CVS ChangeLog? It hasn't been modified since 98/06/15.
Quite handy thing otherwise.

- Ulf


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep  8 08:54:38 1998
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Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1998 16:52:50 +0100 (BST)
From: Leon Verrall <leon@reading.sgi.com>
To: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
cc: SGI Linux <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Re: Success at last...
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On Fri, 4 Sep 1998, Alex deVries wrote:

> > FInally got rid of the "Warning, unable to open console" message. I think I
> > managed it by not letting IRIX anywhere near the tarball of hard hat.
> > Downloaded and extracted entirely on Debian Linux.
> 
> This is really weird.  Can you explain in greater detail what you changed
> to make sure that it worked?

Erm. not really I'm afraid... Thinking about it the only real difference
that I can think of was I had a keyboard/mouse installed. Before I was using
a vt100 terminal. I realise that should work but maybe a missing keyboard
caused it to barf? 

I could have untearred the tarfile from an nfs mount onto the linux box
before but I can't see that having an effect... 

Any ideas on the console size thing? This could just be a cofiguration thing
I've never bothered to look at before on linux but I can't see where... 

Leon

-- 
Leon Verrall - 01189 307734  \ "Don't cut your losses too soon,
Secondline Software Support  / 'cos you'll only be cutting your throat.
Silicon Graphics, Forum 1,   \ And answer a call while you still care at all
Station Rd., Theale, RG7 4RA / 'cos nobody will if you wont" (6:00 - DT)


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep  8 14:22:45 1998
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Date: Tue, 08 Sep 1998 17:21:17 -0400
From: Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>
Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
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Alex deVries wrote:
> 
> On Fri, 4 Sep 1998, Leon Verrall wrote:
> >
> > FInally got rid of the "Warning, unable to open console" message. I think I
> > managed it by not letting IRIX anywhere near the tarball of hard hat.
> > Downloaded and extracted entirely on Debian Linux.
> 
> This is really weird.  Can you explain in greater detail what you changed
> to make sure that it worked?

I found that IRIX's tar wasn't very careful with modification dates,
which I don't think is a problem, but the major and minor IDs of the
dev files were all zero -- clearly broken.  I haven't experimented,
but I believe this to be the failure.

-r

-- 

Rob Lembree                Strategic Software Organization

Silicon Graphics, Inc.                  http://www.sgi.com
One Cabot Road                             rob@lembree.com
Hudson, MA 01749                           lembree@sgi.com
Phone: 978-567-2141                      FAX: 978-567-2341

PGP: 1F EE F8 58 30 F1 B1 20  C5 4F 12 21 AD 0D 6B 29

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep  9 06:34:51 1998
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Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1998 14:42:40 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Ulf Carlsson <grim@zigzegv.ml.org>
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On Wed, Sep 02, 1998 at 05:58:15PM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:

> On Wed, 2 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> 
> > As I recently told you on IRC - the patch as you've posted it is not
> > correct.  It will misstreat VCEI exceptions.
> 
> My idea is based on that we write the wrong cache line back, and that's
> why we receive the invalid instruction errors. 
> 
> Maybe this is foolish, but anyway: If we have data from main memory cached
> in the secondary cache and then overwrite that data line in main memory
> with an instruction line and cache the instruction. We receive a VCEI when
> we try to access the cached line, and our handler writes the data back
> instead of the intstruction and causes the invalid instructions. Well,
> this is the only idea I have at the moment.

Note that we don't have to care about if the line contains data or
instructions.  All we know is that the l2 line corrosponding to the
instruction which threw the vcei exception is in some state other than
invalid.  We cannot accidently writeback an instruction line to memory
because the Hit_Writeback_Inv_SD cacheop we're using will only write
dirty lines back.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep  9 16:42:11 1998
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Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1998 16:03:00 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Success at last...
References: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980904130745.26347A-100000@lager.engsoc.carleton.ca> <35F59FCD.F7A6E459@sgi.com>
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On Tue, Sep 08, 1998 at 05:21:17PM -0400, Rob Lembree wrote:

> > This is really weird.  Can you explain in greater detail what you changed
> > to make sure that it worked?
> 
> I found that IRIX's tar wasn't very careful with modification dates,
> which I don't think is a problem, but the major and minor IDs of the
> dev files were all zero -- clearly broken.  I haven't experimented,
> but I believe this to be the failure.

This seems to indicate to me that we should replace the dev directory
with a script that creates the inodes.  Luckily we already have one which
is called ``MAKEDEV''.  As we already know the representation of the
minor / major device number isn't transparent through NFS, so the MAKEDEV
will have to detect the NFS server's OS and to corrospondingly munge the
device number used as argument for mkdev in a way that after exporting
from the NFS server the client sees what he expects to see.  If that is
at all possible in all cases.  Yuck.  But it's a longstanding problem
which before has already been reported by people using other operating
systems like HP/UX.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep  9 14:48:39 1998
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From: ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
Message-Id: <199809092147.OAA66371@oz.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: SGI/Linux subscription growth
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com (SGI/Linux mailing list)
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1998 14:47:23 -0700 (PDT)
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Hi,

Just wanted to share some numbers I just noted.

The readership of the SGI/Linux mailing list seems to be growing
at about the same rate that Linux is growing, i.e. high double digits,
maybe triple digits per year.  I have only 3 data points:

	Tue Jan 13 12:46:42 1998	120 subscribers

	Tue Jun  2 11:59:30 1998	156 subscribers

	Wed Sep  9 14:11:37 1998	195 subscribers

SGI subscribers are less than 1/4 of the total (47/195).
i.e. most people are not SGI employees.

-- 
Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep  9 18:15:50 1998
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Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1998 01:46:23 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Ariel Faigon <ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com>,
        SGI/Linux mailing list <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Re: SGI/Linux subscription growth
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On Wed, Sep 09, 1998 at 02:47:23PM -0700, Ariel Faigon wrote:

> Just wanted to share some numbers I just noted.
> 
> The readership of the SGI/Linux mailing list seems to be growing
> at about the same rate that Linux is growing, i.e. high double digits,
> maybe triple digits per year.  I have only 3 data points:
> 
> 	Tue Jan 13 12:46:42 1998	120 subscribers
> 
> 	Tue Jun  2 11:59:30 1998	156 subscribers
> 
> 	Wed Sep  9 14:11:37 1998	195 subscribers
> 
> SGI subscribers are less than 1/4 of the total (47/195).
> i.e. most people are not SGI employees.

Add the subscribers of linux-mips@fnet.fr which were over 230 about a year
ago (will post detailed figures when I get them) and a two digit or low
three digit number for linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 10 07:56:05 1998
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Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1998 10:56:37 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
cc: Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Success at last...
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On Wed, 9 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> This seems to indicate to me that we should replace the dev directory
> with a script that creates the inodes.  Luckily we already have one which
> is called ``MAKEDEV''.  As we already know the representation of the
> minor / major device number isn't transparent through NFS, so the MAKEDEV
> will have to detect the NFS server's OS and to corrospondingly munge the
> device number used as argument for mkdev in a way that after exporting
> from the NFS server the client sees what he expects to see.  If that is

You're 100% correct, hard coding the device on the fs is a BAD idea.
However, a reasonable way of doing it is to just put the bare devices on
the initrd, and create any additional devices you need.

I'll do this in the next installer.

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep 11 10:55:25 1998
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 13:56:16 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: SGI Linux <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: newport questions...
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Alright.  I'm reading the newport documentation, and I've come across a
lot of things I just don't understand.

Here are a couple of pointed questions:

- What is a span, and how does it differ from a line?

- is the usable area *really* 5439x5120 pixels?  this strikes me as
incredibly fine ( from page 26)

- what's the interface between Alan's sgifb and the kernel supposed to be?
What required functions are there?

- can someone give me a moron's guide to what an iterator is?


- Alex

-- 
Alex deVries, puffin on LinuxNet.
http://www.engsoc.carleton.ca/~adevries/ .




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep 11 11:14:18 1998
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From: kyriazis@jibe.engr.sgi.com (George Kyriazis)
Message-Id: <199809111813.LAA01299@jibe.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Re: newport questions...
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980911135113.372B-100000@lager.engsoc.carleton.ca> from Alex deVries at "Sep 11, 98 01:56:16 pm"
To: adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca (Alex deVries)
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 11:13:21 -0700 (PDT)
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> - What is a span, and how does it differ from a line?
> 
A span is a horizontal row of pixels.  The idea is that you specify only
one Y, and two X's.  

Sometimes you don't specify a second X, but iterate writing 32-bit
dither patterns till you are done.  Note that you can do the same thing
with lines, but you have to specify all of x0,y0,x1,y1.

> - is the usable area *really* 5439x5120 pixels?  this strikes me as
> incredibly fine ( from page 26)
> 
No.  The address of the last pixel that corresponds to memory is that
(more or less).  Top left is 4096,4096.  Add 1280,1024 to it you get:
5376,5120.  Add 85 pixels of extra memory to the right of 5376 and you
get 5461.  So the last addressable pixel is 5460,5120 (my version of
the doc has 5460 not 5439).

The usable screen is really only between 4096,4096 and 5376,5120.

> - can someone give me a moron's guide to what an iterator is?
> 
You start from x0,y0.  Eventually you have to get to x1,y1.  The iterators
add a dx,dy to each x,y (starting from x0,y0) that eventually gets you to 
x1,y1.  Each clock tick of the iterator produces a new x,y and therefore a
new pixel.

If you have more REX3 specific questions, feel free to contact me directly
so we don't clog the group.

  --george
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Kyriazis  | Silicon Graphics, Inc., 8U-590 |  kyriazis@sgi.com
     KF6QKG      | 2011 N. Shoreline Blvd.        |  650-933-2828
                 | Mt. View, CA 94043             | 

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Cc: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: newport questions...
References: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980911135113.372B-100000@lager.engsoc.carleton.ca> <199809111813.LAA01299@jibe.engr.sgi.com>
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On Fri, Sep 11, 1998 at 11:13:21AM -0700, George Kyriazis wrote:
> If you have more REX3 specific questions, feel free to contact me directly
> so we don't clog the group.

either leave it on the list or put me on CC. I still want to know
what I did, when I programed the new console driver:-) And maybe I find
something, which I can tune.

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep 11 18:18:23 1998
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cc: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: newport questions...
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Why would you leave us out from such an interesting thread?

- Ulf


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sat Sep 12 15:49:54 1998
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Date: Sun, 13 Sep 1998 00:38:02 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: SCSI problem solved
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Right now I'm doing some stress test with my Indy (dd from DAT and untaring
a tar file from one disk to another at the same time). And it hasn't crashed.
Below is the patch I'm using. If it works for others too, I'll check it in.

Thomas.

Index: sgiwd93.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /var/mips/linus/cvs/linux/drivers/scsi/sgiwd93.c,v
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -r1.8 sgiwd93.c
--- sgiwd93.c	1998/08/25 09:18:49	1.8
+++ sgiwd93.c	1998/09/12 22:32:01
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 
 static int dma_setup(Scsi_Cmnd *cmd, int datainp)
 {
-	struct WD33C93_hostdata *hdata = CMDHOSTDATA(cmd);
+	struct WD33C93_hostdata *hdata = (struct WD33C93_hostdata *)cmd->host->hostdata;
 	wd33c93_regs *regp = hdata->regp;
 	struct hpc3_scsiregs *hregs = (struct hpc3_scsiregs *) cmd->host->base;
 	struct hpc_chunk *hcp = (struct hpc_chunk *) hdata->dma_bounce_buffer;
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@
 
 	hdata->dma_dir = datainp;
 
-	if(cmd->use_sg) {
+	if(cmd->SCp.buffers_residual) {
 		struct scatterlist *slp = cmd->SCp.buffer;
 		int i, totlen = 0;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_DMA
 		printk("SCLIST<");
 #endif
-		for(i = 0; i <= (cmd->use_sg - 1); i++, hcp++) {
+		for(i = 0; i <= cmd->SCp.buffers_residual; i++, hcp++) {
 #ifdef DEBUG_DMA
 			printk("[%p,%d]", slp[i].address, slp[i].length);
 #endif
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 static void dma_stop(struct Scsi_Host *instance, Scsi_Cmnd *SCpnt,
 		     int status)
 {
-	struct WD33C93_hostdata *hdata = INSTHOSTDATA(instance);
+	struct WD33C93_hostdata *hdata = (struct WD33C93_hostdata *)instance->hostdata;
 	wd33c93_regs *regp = hdata->regp;
 	struct hpc3_scsiregs *hregs = (struct hpc3_scsiregs *) SCpnt->host->base;
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 	hregs->ctrl = 0;
 
 	/* See how far we got and update scatterlist state if necessary. */
-	if(SCpnt->use_sg) {
+	if(SCpnt->SCp.buffers_residual) {
 		struct scatterlist *slp = SCpnt->SCp.buffer;
 		int totlen, wd93_residual, transferred, i;
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
 #ifdef DEBUG_DMA
 			printk("Jed was here...");
 #endif
-			for(i = 0; i <= (SCpnt->use_sg - 1); i++) {
+			for(i = 0; i <= SCpnt->SCp.buffers_residual; i++) {
 				if(slp[i].length >= transferred)
 					break;
 				transferred -= slp[i].length;
@@ -193,10 +193,10 @@
 #ifdef DEBUG_DMA
 			printk("did it all...");
 #endif
-			i = (SCpnt->use_sg - 1);
+			i = SCpnt->SCp.buffers_residual;
 		}
 		SCpnt->SCp.buffer = &slp[i];
-		SCpnt->SCp.buffers_residual = (SCpnt->use_sg - 1 - i);
+		SCpnt->SCp.buffers_residual = SCpnt->SCp.buffers_residual - i;
 		SCpnt->SCp.ptr = (char *) slp[i].address;
 		SCpnt->SCp.this_residual = slp[i].length;
 	}
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
 	wd33c93_init(sgiwd93_host, (wd33c93_regs *) 0xbfbc0003,
 		     dma_setup, dma_stop, WD33C93_FS_16_20);
 
-	hdata = INSTHOSTDATA(sgiwd93_host);
+	hdata = (struct WD33C93_hostdata *)sgiwd93_host->hostdata;
 	hdata->no_sync = 0;
 	hdata->dma_bounce_buffer = (uchar *) (KSEG1ADDR(buf));
 	dma_cache_wback_inv((unsigned long) buf, PAGE_SIZE);

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Sep 14 16:44:15 1998
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Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1998 01:42:36 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: SCSI problem solved
References: <19980913003802.06252@alpha.franken.de>
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On Sun, Sep 13, 1998 at 12:38:02AM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> Right now I'm doing some stress test with my Indy (dd from DAT and untaring
> a tar file from one disk to another at the same time). And it hasn't crashed.
> Below is the patch I'm using. If it works for others too, I'll check it in.

Side effect: lmbench says disk write bandwidth has roughly trippled.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 15 15:28:16 1998
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Date: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 00:07:47 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: MIPS modules
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I've fixed the module support again.  Looks like we somehow lost parts
of the module fixes I did long ago.  Anyway, will commit them later
this week.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 15 15:28:16 1998
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Date: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 00:16:25 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: MIPS HOWTO / FAQ
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Hi,

since nobody else does (hint, hint ...) I started to rework the MIPS FAQ.
Attached the first very incomplete version.  As of this version the
FAQ is now written using the Linux SGML tools.  I append a text version
generated with sgml2txt.  Comments, additional text etc. apreciated.
I'm especially thinking of the DECstation people but not only.

Special feature: the topic ``How to brew a cross compiler'' now has it's
own uptodate and about 5 printed pages long section describing how to
roll a crosscompiler based on the newest stuff.  The topic has actually
also been interesting for other people as many postings in the past
have shown.  Maybe the crosscompiler part is actually worth it's own,
separate HOWTO document?

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 15 19:39:44 1998
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On Wed, Sep 16, 1998 at 12:16:25AM +0200, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:

> since nobody else does (hint, hint ...) I started to rework the MIPS FAQ.
> Attached the first very incomplete version.  As of this version the
> FAQ is now written using the Linux SGML tools.  I append a text version
> generated with sgml2txt.  Comments, additional text etc. apreciated.
> I'm especially thinking of the DECstation people but not only.
> 
> Special feature: the topic ``How to brew a cross compiler'' now has it's
> own uptodate and about 5 printed pages long section describing how to
> roll a crosscompiler based on the newest stuff.  The topic has actually
> also been interesting for other people as many postings in the past
> have shown.  Maybe the crosscompiler part is actually worth it's own,
> separate HOWTO document?

Sorry, forgot to add the attachment ...

  Ralf

--OXfL5xGRrasGEqWY
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  Linux/MIPS HOWTO
  Ralf Baechle, ralf@gnu.org
  September 11, 1998

  XXX General blurb for the first page.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents


  1. What is Linux/MIPS?

  2. What hardware does Linux/MIPS support?

     2.1 Hardware platforms
        2.1.1 Silicon Graphics Indy
        2.1.2 Silicon Graphics Challenge S
        2.1.3 Silicon Graphics Indigo
        2.1.4 Motorola 68k based machines like the Iris 3000
        2.1.5 Other Silicon Graphics machines
        2.1.6 SNI RM200C
        2.1.7 SNI RM200
        2.1.8 Algorithmics P4032
        2.1.9 DECstation series
        2.1.10 Mips Magnum 4000 / Olivetti M700-10
        2.1.11 MIPS Magnum 4000SC
     2.2 Processor types
        2.2.1 R2000, R3000 family
        2.2.2 R6000
        2.2.3 R4000 and R5000 family
        2.2.4 R8000
        2.2.5 R10000
     2.3 Drivers

  3. Is there a Linux distribution?

     3.1 RedHat
     3.2 What about other distributions?

  4. Where can I get Linux/MIPS from?

  5. Installation of Linux/MIPS.

  6. How do I setup a crosscompiler?

     6.1 Diskspace requirements
     6.2 Byte order
     6.3 Configuration names
     6.4 Installation of GNU Binutils.
     6.5 Assert.h
     6.6 First installation of egcs
     6.7 float.h
     6.8 Installing the kernel sources
     6.9 Installing GNU libc
     6.10 Building egcs again
     6.11 Should I build the C++, Objective C or F77 compilers?


  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  What is Linux/MIPS?

  XXX Add some general blurb, maybe move into abstract.



  2.  What hardware does Linux/MIPS support?

  2.1.  Hardware platforms


  Many machines are available with a number of different CPU options of
  which not all are currently are supported.  Please check section
  ``Processor Type'' to make shure your CPU type is supported.


  2.1.1.  Silicon Graphics Indy

  The Indy is currently the only (mostly) supported Silicon Graphics
  machine.


  2.1.2.  Silicon Graphics Challenge S

  This machine is very similar to the Indy; it would therefore be a
  worthwile target for a hacker.  What's missing is modifying the
  graphics card probing code such that it works in absence of a graphics
  card as this is the case on a headless machine like the Challenge S.


  2.1.3.  Silicon Graphics Indigo

  This machine is only being mentioned here because occasionally people
  have confused it with Indys.  The Indigo series is a different
  architecture however and therefore yet unsupported.


  2.1.4.  Motorola 68k based machines like the Iris 3000

  These are very old machines, probably more than ten years old by now.
  As these machines are not based on MIPS processors this document is
  the wrong place to search for information.  However, in order to make
  things easy, these machines are currently not supported.


  2.1.5.  Other Silicon Graphics machines

  At this time no other Silicon Graphics machine is supported.  This
  also applies to the very old Motorola 68k based systems.


  2.1.6.  SNI RM200C

  In contrast to the RM200 (see below) this machine has EISA and PCI
  slots.  The RM200 is supported with the exception of the availability
  of the onboard NCR53c810A SCSI controller.


  2.1.7.

  SNI RM200

  If your machine has both EISA and PCI slots, then this is a RM200C,
  please see above.  Due to the slight architectural differences of the
  RM200 and the RM200C this machine isn't currently supported in the
  official sources.  Michael Engel engel@numerik.math.uni-siegen.de has
  managed to get his RM200 working partially but the patches haven't yet
  be included into the official Linux/MIPS sources.




  2.1.8.  Algorithmics P4032

  (XXX Bash Ralf and Michael to finish this ... XXX)

  2.1.9.  DECstation series

  XXX Could some DECy write something for this? XXX

  2.1.10.

  Mips Magnum 4000 / Olivetti M700-10

  These two machines are both almost completely identical.  Back during
  the ACE initiative Olivetti licensed the Jazz design and marketed the
  machine with Windows NT as OS.  MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. itself
  bought the Jazz design and marketed it as the MIPS Magnum 4000 series
  of machines.  Magnum 4000 systems were marketed with Windows NT and
  RISC/os as operating systems.

  Depending from the operating system which was installed on the machine
  a different firmware was installed on the box.  Linux/MIPS supports
  only the little endian firmware on these two types of machines.  Since
  the M700-10 was only marketed as NT machine all M700-10 machines have
  this firmware installed.  The MIPS Magnum case is somewhat more
  complex.  If your machine has been configured big endian for RISC/os
  then you need to reload the little endian firmware.  This firmware was
  originally included with the delivery of every Magnum on a floppy.  If
  you don't have the floppy anymore you can download it via anonymous
  ftp from <ftp://ftp.fnet.fr>.

  Note that the little endian firmware does not support headless
  operation.  So if your machine does not include the standard G364
  graphics card, your machine cannot boot.

  2.1.11.  MIPS Magnum 4000SC

  The Mips Magnum 4000SC is just the same as an Magnum 4000 (see above)
  with the exception that it's using a R4000SC CPU which currently is
  not supported by Linux.

  2.2.


  Processor types

  2.2.1.  R2000, R3000 family

  The R2000 is the original MIPS processor.  It's a 32 bit processor
  which was clocked at 8MHz back in '85 when the first MIPS processors
  came to the market.  Later versions were clocked faster.  The R3000 is
  a redesign of the R2000 which is 100% compatible, it was just again
  clocked faster.  Because of the high compatibility this document
  usually only mentions the R3000 even though the same facts in most
  cases also apply for the R2000.

  Same also applies for the R3000 which basically a R3000 plus a R3010
  FPU and 64k cache running at upto 40Mhz and integrated into same chip.
  Support for the R3000 processor is currently in the works by various
  people.  Harald Koerfgen harald.koerfgen@netcologne.de and Gleb O.
  Raiko raiko@niisi.msk.ru have both indepentently worked on patches
  which however haven't yet been integrated into the official Linux/MIPS
  sources.




  2.2.2.  R6000

  Sometimes people confuse the R6000, a MIPS processor, with RS6000, a
  series of workstations made by IBM.  So if you're reading this in hope
  to find out more about Linux on IBM machines you're reading the wrong
  document.

  The R6000 is currently not supported.  It is a 32 bit MIPS ISA 2
  processor and a pretty interesting and wiered piece of silicon.  It
  was developed and produced by a company named BIT Technology.  Later
  NEC took over the semiconductor production.  It was built in ECL
  technology, the same technology that was and still is being used to
  build extremly fast chips like those used in some Cray computers.  The
  processor had it's TLB implemented as part of the last couple of lines
  of the external primary cache, a technology called TLB slice.  That
  means it's MMU is substancially different from those of the R3000 or
  R4000 series which also is one of the reasons why the processor isn't
  supported.

  2.2.3.  R4000 and R5000 family

  Linux supports many of the members of the R4000 family, currently
  these are R4000PC, R4400PC, R4300, R4600, R4700, R5000, R5230, R5260.
  Many others are probably working as well.

  Not supported are R4000SC, R4000MC, R4400SC and R4400MC CPUs as well
  as R5000 systems with a CPU controlled second level cache.  This means
  where the cache is controlled by the R5000 itself in contrast to some
  external external cache controller.  The difference is important
  because unlike to other systems, especially PCs, on MIPS the cache is
  archtecturally visible and needs to be controlled by software.  Ulf
  Carlsson grim@zigzegv.ml.org and Ralf Baechle ralf@gnu.org are
  currently working on support for R4000SC and R4400SC.

  2.2.4.  R8000

  The R8000 is currently unsupported partly because the machines used by
  the Linux/MIPS developers don't have such a machine, partly because
  this processor is relativly rare and has only been used in a few SGI
  machines.

  The R8000 is a pretty interesting piece of silicon.  Unlike the other
  members of the MIPS family it is a set of seven chips.  It's cache and
  TLB architecture is pretty different from the other members of the
  MIPS family.  It was born as a hack in order to get the floating point
  crown back to Silicon Graphics in time before the R10000 is finished.

  2.2.5.  R10000

  The R10000 is currently unsupported because the machines used by the
  Linux/MIPS developers don't have such a machine.

  2.3.  Drivers

  3.  Is there a Linux distribution?


  3.1.  RedHat

  XXX Add some gossip about HardHat aka Rough Cuts XXX.

  3.2.  What about other distributions?




  4.  Where can I get Linux/MIPS from?


  5.  Installation of Linux/MIPS.


  6.  How do I setup a crosscompiler?

  First of all go and download the following source packages: XXX
  Incomplete, maybe tell'em to get the files from the srpm packages? XXX

  o  binutils-2.8.1.tar.gz

  o  egcs-1.0.2.tar.gz

  o  glibc-2.0.6.tar.gz

  o  glibc-crypt-2.0.6.tar.gz

  o  glibc-localedata-2.0.6.tar.gz

  o  glibc-linuxthreads-2.0.6.tar.gz

     These are the currently recommended versions.  Older versions may
     or may not be working.  If you're trying to use older versions
     please don't send bug reports, we don't care.  When installing
     please install things in the order binutils, egcs, then glibc.
     Unless you already have older versions already installed changing
     the order will fail.



  6.1.  Diskspace requirements

  For the installation you'll have to choose a directory for
  installation.  I'll refer to that directory below with <prefix>.  To
  avoid a certain problem best just the same value for <prefix> as your
  native gcc.  For example if your gcc is installed in /usr/bin/gcc then
  choose /usr for <prefix>.  You must use the same <prefix> value for
  all the packages that you're going to install.

  During compilation you'll need about 31mb diskspace for binutils.  For
  installation you'll need 7mb diskspace for binutils on <prefix>'s
  partition.  Building egcs requires 71mb and installation 14mb.  GNU
  libc requires 149mb diskspace during installation and 33mb for
  installation.  Note these number are just a guideline and may differ
  significantly for different processor and operating system
  architectures.


  6.2.  Byte order

  On of the special features of the MIPS architecture is that all
  processors except the R8000 can be configured to run either in big or
  in little endian mode.  Byte order means the way the processor stores
  multibyte numbers in memory.  Big endian machines store the the byte
  with the highest value digits at the lowest address while little
  endian machines store it at the highest address.  Think of it like
  writing multi digit numbers from the left to the right or visa versa.

  In order to setup your crosscompiler correctly you have to know the
  byte order of the crosscompiler target.  If you don't know already
  know, check the section ``Hardware Platforms'' for your machine's
  byteorder.


  6.3.  Configuration names

  Many of the packages based on autoconf are supporting many different
  architectures and operating systems.  In order to differenciate
  between these many configurations names madeup like
  <cpu>-<company>-<os> or even <cpu>-<company>-<kernel>-<os>.  Expressed
  that way the configuration names of Linux/MIPS are mips-unknown-linux-
  gnu for big endian targets or mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu for little
  endian targets.  Those names are a bit long and so it's allowed to
  abreviate them to mips-linux or mipsel-linux.  You must use the same
  configuration name for all the packages that your crosscompilation
  environment consists of.  Also, while other names like mips-sni-linux
  or mipsel-sni-linux are both legal configuration names, don't use them
  but only mips-linux or mipsel-linux.  The reason is that other
  packages like the Linux kernel sources know about these configuration
  names and you'd have to change them for crosscompilation.  I'll refer
  to the target configuration name below with <target>.


  6.4.  Installation of GNU Binutils.

  This is the first and most simple part - at least as long as you're
  trying to install on any halfway sane UNIX flavour.  Just cd into a
  directory with enough free space and do the following:

      gzip -cd binutils-<version>.tar.gz | tar xf -
      cd binutils-<version>
      patch -p1 < ../binutils-<version>-mips.patch
      ./configure --prefix=<prefix> --target=<target>
      make CFLAGS=-O2
      make install



  This usually works very easily.  On certain machines using GCC 2.7.x
  as compiler is known to dump core.  This is a known bug in GCC and can
  be fixed by upgrading to GCC 2.8.1 or egcs.


  6.5.  Assert.h

  Some people have an old assert.h headerfile installed, probably a
  leftover from an old crosscompiler installation.  This file may cause
  autoconf scripts to fail silently.  It was never necessary and only
  got installed due to a bug in older GCC versions.  Check if
  <prefix>/<target>/include/assert.h exists in your installation.  If
  so, just delete it.


  6.6.  First installation of egcs

  Now the not so funny part begins.  There is a so called bootstrap
  problem.  In our case that means the installation process of egcs
  needs an already installed glibc.  But we cannot yet compile glibc
  because we don't have a working crosscompiler yet.  Luckily you'll
  only have to go through this once when you install a crosscompiler for
  the first time.  Later when you already have glibc installed things
  will be much smoother.  So now do:








      gzip -cd egcs-<version>.tar.gz | tar xf -
      cd egcs-<version>
      for i in egcs-1.0.2-libio.patch egcs-1.0.2-hjl.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-rth1.patch egcs-1.0.2-rth2.patch egcs-1.0.2-rth3.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-rth4.patch egcs-1.0.2-hjl2.patch egcs-1.0.2-jim.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-haifa.patch egcs-1.0.1-objcbackend.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-mips.patch; do patch -p1 -d < ../$i; done
      ./configure --prefix=<prefix> --with-newlib --target=<target>
      cd gcc
      make LANGUAGES="c"



  Note that we deliberately don't build gcov, protoize, unprotoize and
  the libraries.  Gcov doesn't make sense in a crosscompiler environe-
  ment and protoize and unprotoize might even overwrite your native pro-
  grams - this is a bug in the gcc makefiles.  Finally we cannot yet
  build the libraries because we don't have glibc installed yet.  If
  everything went successful install with:

      make LANGUAGES="c" install





  6.7.  float.h

  Another, bootstrap problem is that building GCC requires running
  programs on the machine that GCC will generate code for.  But since a
  crosscompiler is running on a different type of machine this cannot
  work.  When buiding GCC this happens for the header file float.h.
  Luckily there is a simple solution.  Download the header file from one
  of the Linux/MIPS ftp servers or rip it from one of the native
  Linux/MIPS binary packages.  Later when recompiling or upgrading egcs
  usually the already installed float.h file will do because float.h
  changes rarely.  Install it with:

      cp float.h <prefix>/<target/<version>/include/float.h



  where <version> is the internal version number of the egcs version
  you're using.  For egcs 1.0.2 for example you would put egcs-2.90.27
  for <version>.  If not shure - ls is your friend.



  6.8.  Installing the kernel sources

  XXX Write some simple shit for nobrainers.  If you only want the
  crosscompiler for building kernel you're done.


  6.9.  Installing GNU libc

  Do:









      gzip -cd glibc-2.0.6.tar.gz | tar xf -
      cd glibc-2.0.6
      gzip -cd glibc-crypt-2.0.6.tar.gz | tar xf -
      gzip -cd glibc-localedata-2.0.6.tar.gz | tar xf -
      gzip -cd glibc-linuxthreads-2.0.6.tar.gz | tar xf -
      patch -p1 < ../glibc-2.0.6-mips.patch
      mkdir build
      cd build
      CC=<target>-gcc BUILD_CC=gcc AR=<target>-ar RANLIB=<target>-ranlib \
            ../configure --prefix=/usr --host=<target> \
            --enable-add-ons=crypt,linuxthreads,localedata --enable-profile
      make



  You now have a compiled GNU libc which still needs to be installed.
  Do not just type make install.  That would overwrite your host sys-
  tem's files with Linux/MIPS specific files with desasterous effects.
  Instead install GNU libc into some arbitrary other directory <somedir>
  from which we'll move the part's we need for crosscompilation into the
  actual target directory:

      make install_root=<somedir> install



  Now cd into <somedir> and install finally install GNU libc manually:

      cd usr/include
      find . -print | cpio -pumd <prefix>/<target>/include
      cd ../../lib
      find . -print | cpio -pumd <prefix>/<target>/lib
      cd ../usr/lib
      find lib -print | cpio -pumd <prefix>/<target>/lib



  GNU libc also contains extensive online documentation.  Your systems
  might already have a version of this documentation installed.  So if
  you don't want to install the info pages which will save you a less
  than a megabyte or already have them installed skip the next step:
  step:

      cd ../info
      gzip -9 *.info*
      find . -name \*.info\* -print | cpio -pumd <prefix>/info



  If you're not bootstrapping you're installation is now finished.


  6.10.  Building egcs again

  The first attempt of building egcs was stopped by a not yet existent
  GNU libc.  Since we now have libc installed we can rebuild egcs but
  this time as complete as a crosscompiler installation can be:









      gzip -cd egcs-<version>.tar.gz | tar xf -
      cd egcs-<version>
      for i in egcs-1.0.2-libio.patch egcs-1.0.2-hjl.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-rth1.patch egcs-1.0.2-rth2.patch egcs-1.0.2-rth3.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-rth4.patch egcs-1.0.2-hjl2.patch egcs-1.0.2-jim.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-haifa.patch egcs-1.0.1-objcbackend.patch \
            egcs-1.0.2-mips.patch; do patch -p1 < ../$i; done
      ./configure --prefix=<prefix> --target=<target>
      make LANGUAGES="c c++ objective-c f77"



  As you can see the procedure is the same as the first time with the
  exception that we dropped the --with-newlib option.  This option was
  necessary to avoid the libgcc build breaking due to the not yet
  installed libc.  Now install with:

      make LANGUAGES="c c++ objective-c f77" install



  You're almost finished.  All you'll now still have to do is to rein-
  stall float.h which has been overwritten by the last make install com-
  mand.  You'll have to do that every time you reinstall egcs as a
  crosscompiler.  If you think you don't need the Objective C or F77
  compilers you can omit them from above commands.  Each will save you
  about 3mb.  However don't build gcov, protoize and unprotoize.


  6.11.  Should I build the C++, Objective C or F77 compilers?

  The answer to this question largely depends on your use of your
  crosscompiler environment.  If you only intend to rebuild the Linux
  kernel then you have no need for the full blown setup and can safely
  omit the Objective C and F77 compilers.  You however must build the
  C++ compiler because building the libraries included with the egcs
  distribution are written in C++.






























--OXfL5xGRrasGEqWY--

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 22 14:13:32 1998
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Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 17:01:47 -0400
From: Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>
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To: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
References: <36081277.17A50BC9@infopact.nl>
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hmm, I had the same problem on my Indy.  I found that 
IRIX had stripped the major and minor numbers from the
device files in the tar distribution -- the answer was to
untar using Linux, not IRIX (gtar doesn't help), or to 
manually recreate the dev files.

Try that, and I bet it fixes it.

-- 

Rob Lembree                Strategic Software Organization

Silicon Graphics, Inc.                  http://www.sgi.com
One Cabot Road                             rob@lembree.com
Hudson, MA 01749                           lembree@sgi.com
Phone: 978-567-2141                      FAX: 978-567-2341

PGP: 1F EE F8 58 30 F1 B1 20  C5 4F 12 21 AD 0D 6B 29

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 22 14:07:00 1998
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Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:11:19 +0200
From: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
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Hi,

I have successfully booted linux on a challenge S. but the problem is
that the kernel wants to write his output to the console, which isn't
mij serial port unfortunatelly.

Does anyone have a kernel for me from which i can continue my quest of
installing linux on a challenge s ? :)

Below you'll find my kernel booting information for whom is interested.

Regards,

Richard Hartensveld

Command Monitor.  Type "exit" to return to the menu.
>> boot bootp():/vmlinux
72912+9440+3024+331696+23768d+3644+5808 entry: 0x8ff9a950
Setting $netaddr to 192.168.6.31 (from server perron-null)
Obtaining /vmlinux from server perron-null
PROMLIB: SGI ARCS firmware Version 1 Revision 10
PROMLIB: Total free ram 131379200 bytes (128300K,125MB)
ARCH: SGI-IP22
CPU: MIPS-R5000 FPU<MIPS-R5000FPC> ICACHE DCACHE SCACHE
Loading R4000 MMU routines.
CPU revision is: 00002310
Primary instruction cache 32kb, linesize 32 bytes)
Primary data cache 32kb, linesize 32 bytes)
Linux version 2.1.100 (root@alex3.med.iacnet.com) (gcc version 2.7.2)
#29 Thu Ju
l 9 22:19:39 EDT 1998
MC: SGI memory controller Revision 3
R4600/R5000 SCACHE size 512K, linesize 32 bytes.
calculating r4koff... 000dbd5e(900446)
zs0: console input
zs0: console I/O
Calibrating delay loop... 179.81 BogoMIPS
Memory: 125208k/261732k available (1216k kernel code, 3456k data)
Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 for Linux 2.1
NET3: Unix domain sockets 0.16 for Linux NET3.038.
Swansea University Computer Society TCP/IP for NET3.037
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
Checking for 'wait' instruction...  available.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Starting kswapd v 1.5
Adv: about to run setup()
initialize_kbd: Keyboard reset failed, no ACK
SGI Zilog8530 serial driver version 1.00
Keyboard timeout
Keyboard timeout
tty00 at 0xbfbd9838 (irq = 21) is a Zilog8530
tty01 at 0xbfbd9830 (irq = 21) is a Zilog8530
Ramdisk driver initialized : 16 ramdisks of 4096K size
loop: registered device at major 7
WD93: Driver version 1.25 compiled on Jul  7 1998 at 16:59:57
 debug_flags=0x00
wd33c93-0: chip=WD33c93B/13 no_sync=0xff no_dma=0scsi0 : SGI WD93
scsi : 1 host.
 sending SDTR 0103013f0csync_xfer=2c  Vendor: SGI       Model: IBM
DORS-32160
 Rev: W80D
  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02

 Rev: W80D
  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 1, lun 0
 sending SDTR 0103013f0csync_xfer=2c  Vendor: IBM       Model:
DCAS-34330
 Rev: S65A
  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi disk sdb at scsi0, channel 0, id 6, lun 0
scsi : detected 2 SCSI disks total.
SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 4197405 [2049 MB] [2.0

GB]
SCSI device sdb: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 8467200 [4134 MB] [4.1

GB]
sgiseeq.c: David S. Miller (dm@engr.sgi.com)
eth0: SGI Seeq8003 08:00:69:0a:41:7b
Sending BOOTP requests.... OK
IP-Config: Got BOOTP answer from 192.168.6.1, my address is 192.168.6.31

Partition check:
 sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4
 sdb: sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb4
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.6.1
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.6.1
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Adv: done running setup()
Freeing unused kernel memory: 44k freed
Warning: unable to open an initial console.





From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 22 14:36:50 1998
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Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:41:22 +0200
From: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
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CC: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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Rob Lembree wrote:

> hmm, I had the same problem on my Indy.  I found that
> IRIX had stripped the major and minor numbers from the
> device files in the tar distribution -- the answer was to
> untar using Linux, not IRIX (gtar doesn't help), or to
> manually recreate the dev files.

I've untarred the hardhat distr. on my linux machine and that's the
machine that plays nfs server for the
challenge.

Should the default kernel support serial terminal consoles?? My goal is
to install linux onto the challenge
(which is headless) using a serial terminal connected to it, is this
possible by default or should i cross-compile my own kernel on another
platform?.

Regards,

Richard Hartensveld
The Netherlands


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 22 17:21:36 1998
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From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
cc: Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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On Tue, 22 Sep 1998, Richard Hartensveld wrote:
> Should the default kernel support serial terminal consoles?? My goal is
> to install linux onto the challenge
> (which is headless) using a serial terminal connected to it, is this
> possible by default or should i cross-compile my own kernel on another
> platform?.

Rich,

	First, I wonder how much of the kernel will actually work on the
Challenge S; I'm told there are SCSI controller differences.

	The install kernel you're using (and oh god, is it ever a bad one)
is broken in that serial console won't work.  Yes, I should have looked
into it way back when.  There's two things you can do:

- rebuild a kernel by cross compiling in the correct options (this is
reasonably easy to do)
- wait for me to have my machine moved (finally) and online and I'll whip
up a modern install kernel for you and the others with serial console

Just to reiterate, yes, I *will* be fixing the install.  The initrd stuff
is going to have to make it in, even if it kills me. And I'll be working
on porting Rawhide 1.0 too.

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 12:53:08 1998
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Date: Wed, 23 Sep 1998 21:22:41 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
Cc: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>, Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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On Tue, Sep 22, 1998 at 08:24:20PM -0400, Alex deVries wrote:
> 	First, I wonder how much of the kernel will actually work on the
> Challenge S; I'm told there are SCSI controller differences.

looking linus.linux.sgi.com, which is AFAIK a Challenge S, it seems the
Challenge has a wd33c93 and a wd33c95. The wd33c93 is what we already support.
As long as the harddisk are attached to it, it should work. The wd33c95
is a rather strange chip, and from the datasheet I have here, it looks like
a lot of work to write a driver for it, because besides the kernel code,
you have to write sequence code for the chip, too.

> 	The install kernel you're using (and oh god, is it ever a bad one)
> is broken in that serial console won't work.  Yes, I should have looked
> into it way back when.

When I did the new console code, I first made the serial console working.
As far as I remember I had to do some ugly hacks, but I'll try to clean
it up and check it in.

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 13:51:34 1998
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Date: Wed, 23 Sep 1998 22:54:22 +0200
From: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
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CC: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>, Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
References: <36081982.8D3B6975@infopact.nl> <Pine.LNX.3.96.980922201845.10292B-100000@lager.engsoc.carleton.ca> <19980923212241.01963@alpha.franken.de>
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Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> On Tue, Sep 22, 1998 at 08:24:20PM -0400, Alex deVries wrote:
> >       First, I wonder how much of the kernel will actually work on the
> > Challenge S; I'm told there are SCSI controller differences.
>
> looking linus.linux.sgi.com, which is AFAIK a Challenge S, it seems the
> Challenge has a wd33c93 and a wd33c95. The wd33c93 is what we already support.
> As long as the harddisk are attached to it, it should work. The wd33c95
> is a rather strange chip, and from the datasheet I have here, it looks like
> a lot of work to write a driver for it, because besides the kernel code,
> you have to write sequence code for the chip, too.
>
> >       The install kernel you're using (and oh god, is it ever a bad one)
> > is broken in that serial console won't work.  Yes, I should have looked
> > into it way back when.
>
> When I did the new console code, I first made the serial console working.
> As far as I remember I had to do some ugly hacks, but I'll try to clean
> it up and check it in.
>

I'm going to build the cross compiler right now and get myself involved in
linux/sgi porting, i've got
a reasonable amount of sgi's overhere to test on and maybe even get linux to boot
a kernel on a non-indy machine.

Richard


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 14:09:27 1998
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To: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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On Wed, 23 Sep 1998, Richard Hartensveld wrote:
> I'm going to build the cross compiler right now and get myself involved in
> linux/sgi porting, i've got

There are actually cross compiler RPMs that may save you some trouble...

Let us know how the Challenge S works!

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 14:31:36 1998
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Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Date: Wed, 23 Sep 1998 16:30:21 -0500 (CDT)
In-Reply-To: <19980923212241.01963@alpha.franken.de> from "Thomas Bogendoerfer" at Sep 23, 98 09:22:41 pm
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> > 	First, I wonder how much of the kernel will actually work on the
> > Challenge S; I'm told there are SCSI controller differences.
> 
> looking linus.linux.sgi.com, which is AFAIK a Challenge S, it seems the
> Challenge has a wd33c93 and a wd33c95.

Correct.  Challenge S has the same wd33c93 SCSI chip on it that the
Indy has.  Additionally, it has the wd33c95 chip for more SCSI buses
in place of of video and audio that's on the Indy.

--
Richard F. Masoner                         Digi International
richardm@cd.com                             1602 Newton Drive
http://www.cd.com/                    Champaign, IL 61822 USA 

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 16:15:38 1998
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Date: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 01:12:07 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: VINO
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Hi,

Is it possible to do VINO DMA directly to the newport ?

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 17:01:21 1998
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Date: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 01:59:38 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
Cc: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>, Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
References: <36081982.8D3B6975@infopact.nl> <Pine.LNX.3.96.980922201845.10292B-100000@lager.engsoc.carleton.ca> <19980923212241.01963@alpha.franken.de>
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On Wed, Sep 23, 1998 at 09:22:41PM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> On Tue, Sep 22, 1998 at 08:24:20PM -0400, Alex deVries wrote:
> > 	First, I wonder how much of the kernel will actually work on the
> > Challenge S; I'm told there are SCSI controller differences.
> 
> looking linus.linux.sgi.com, which is AFAIK a Challenge S, it seems the
> Challenge has a wd33c93 and a wd33c95. The wd33c93 is what we already support.
> As long as the harddisk are attached to it, it should work. The wd33c95
> is a rather strange chip, and from the datasheet I have here, it looks like
> a lot of work to write a driver for it, because besides the kernel code,
> you have to write sequence code for the chip, too.

Did I missunderstand the 95's documentation - I thought we can abuse the
95 as a 93, thereby saving alot of driver work for now?

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 17:13:18 1998
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Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:

> On Wed, Sep 23, 1998 at 09:22:41PM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:
>
> > On Tue, Sep 22, 1998 at 08:24:20PM -0400, Alex deVries wrote:
> > >     First, I wonder how much of the kernel will actually work on the
> > > Challenge S; I'm told there are SCSI controller differences.
> >
> > looking linus.linux.sgi.com, which is AFAIK a Challenge S, it seems the
> > Challenge has a wd33c93 and a wd33c95. The wd33c93 is what we already support.
> > As long as the harddisk are attached to it, it should work. The wd33c95
> > is a rather strange chip, and from the datasheet I have here, it looks like
> > a lot of work to write a driver for it, because besides the kernel code,
> > you have to write sequence code for the chip, too.
>
> Did I missunderstand the 95's documentation - I thought we can abuse the
> 95 as a 93, thereby saving alot of driver work for now?
>

My experience is that the wd93 driver doens't work with the wd95 controller, maybe
someone else hassuccessfully tried this?

Richard



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 17:22:05 1998
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To: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>,
        Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
References: <36081982.8D3B6975@infopact.nl> <Pine.LNX.3.96.980922201845.10292B-100000@lager.engsoc.carleton.ca> <19980923212241.01963@alpha.franken.de> <19980924015938.K2843@uni-koblenz.de> <36098F84.78D3764E@infopact.nl>
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On Thu, Sep 24, 1998 at 02:17:08AM +0200, Richard Hartensveld wrote:

> > Did I missunderstand the 95's documentation - I thought we can abuse the
> > 95 as a 93, thereby saving alot of driver work for now?
> >
> 
> My experience is that the wd93 driver doens't work with the wd95 controller, maybe
> someone else hassuccessfully tried this?

It's not supposed to work without any changes at all.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 21:47:50 1998
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Date: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 00:47:07 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jeremy John Welling <jwelling@engin.umich.edu>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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What is the next architecture sgi/linux will be ported to?  Indigo2 r4kXZ?  
What is the status of the newport Xserver? What is the best place to get
specific hardware info?  Has anyone started on the Indy XZ graphics?  
Thanks!
Jeremy Welling
Detroit




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 23 22:45:15 1998
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From: Robin Humble <rjh@pixel.maths.monash.edu.au>
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Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
To: richardh@infopact.nl (Richard Hartensveld)
Date: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 15:44:21 +1000 (EST)
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In-Reply-To: <36081277.17A50BC9@infopact.nl> from "Richard Hartensveld" at Sep 22, 98 11:11:19 pm
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>Warning: unable to open an initial console.

I got this message for (it seemed) a variety of reasons. One was that it
couldn't find the nfs server, but in the end it was that I was
booting off an O2 and the permissions on the dev/ directory were all
screwed from SGIs tar. Re-building dev to match a x86/Linux machine
fixed it.
So it's a long shot, but check that your dev directory in the nfs
mounted distribution looks like:

crw-------   1 root     root       4,   0 Sep 13 20:05 console
crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root       1,   3 Jan  1  1980 null
brw-r-----   1 root     disk       1,   1 Jan  1  1980 ram
crw-------   1 root     root       4,   0 Sep  3  1995 systty
crw-------   1 root     root       4,   1 Sep 13 20:05 tty1
crw-------   1 root     root       4,   2 Sep 13 20:05 tty2
crw-------   1 root     root       4,   3 Sep 13 20:05 tty3
crw-------   1 root     root       4,   4 Sep 13 20:05 tty4
crw-------   1 root     root       4,   5 Sep 13 20:05 tty5

+
There's not a line that goes here that  +         Robin Humble
rhymes with anything, anything,      /     rjh@pixel.maths.monash.edu.au
anything. - Camper van Beethoven  + http://www.maths.monash.edu.au/~rjh/

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 02:33:32 1998
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Cc: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>,
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Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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On Thu, Sep 24, 1998 at 01:59:38AM +0200, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> > As long as the harddisk are attached to it, it should work. The wd33c95
> > is a rather strange chip, and from the datasheet I have here, it looks like
> > a lot of work to write a driver for it, because besides the kernel code,
> > you have to write sequence code for the chip, too.
> 
> Did I missunderstand the 95's documentation - I thought we can abuse the
> 95 as a 93, thereby saving alot of driver work for now?

The documentation isn't really clear about that, but I believe you need
sequencer code to make the 95 acting like a 93. And I couldn't find such
a thing, yet.

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 02:33:28 1998
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Jeremy John Welling wrote:

> What is the next architecture sgi/linux will be ported to?  Indigo2 r4kXZ?
> What is the status of the newport Xserver? What is the best place to get
> specific hardware info?  Has anyone started on the Indy XZ graphics?

Well i've got a indigo2 r4400 with a defective motherboard, when i'm able  to
get this fixed (they're quite expensive) i'll be happy to volunteer in the
development.

Richard



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 13:05:43 1998
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From: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
To: jwelling@engin.umich.edu (Jeremy John Welling)
Date: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 15:15:29 +0100 (BST)
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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> What is the next architecture sgi/linux will be ported to?  Indigo2 r4kXZ?  
> What is the status of the newport Xserver? What is the best place to get

Im still learning about the internals of the Xserver and building an
"fb" driver layer to glue to the accelerated stuff. I've been dicing up
afb so that it generates newport_something() commands for each area
after having done its clipping. Hopefully they'll approximately match
the real newport 8)


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 09:11:44 1998
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To: Rob Lembree <lembree@sgi.com>
cc: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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On Tue, 22 Sep 1998, Rob Lembree wrote:
> hmm, I had the same problem on my Indy.  I found that 
> IRIX had stripped the major and minor numbers from the
> device files in the tar distribution -- the answer was to
> untar using Linux, not IRIX (gtar doesn't help), or to 
> manually recreate the dev files.
> Try that, and I bet it fixes it.

You can also just recreate the block devices from within Irix.

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 09:28:15 1998
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From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: VINO
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On Thu, 24 Sep 1998, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:
> Is it possible to do VINO DMA directly to the newport ?
> 

God knows I'm not an authority on this, but I believe the answer to this
is no; you need to do DMA from VINO to memory, then memory to XMAP9
through REX3.

Please tell me if I'm wrong.

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 09:30:37 1998
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From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
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Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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On Thu, 24 Sep 1998, Jeremy John Welling wrote:
> What is the next architecture sgi/linux will be ported to?  Indigo2 r4kXZ?  
> What is the status of the newport Xserver? What is the best place to get
> specific hardware info?  Has anyone started on the Indy XZ graphics?  

This is an interesting question, and I for one would much rather see
things like the graphics for Newport and audio working on the INdy before
we start off on other things like the Indigo2.

But, i've been thinking for awhile that an Indigo2 port would be the next
box to target... i suppose there's no harm in looking at both machines
concurrently.

Getting docs on the Indigo2 would be quite important for a successful
port, though.  That would require SGI's help, and I can see them being a
lot more open to it if we got the Indy completely supported first.

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 09:46:37 1998
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From: "William J. Earl" <wje@fir.engr.sgi.com>
To: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
Cc: Jeremy John Welling <jwelling@engin.umich.edu>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: challenge s boots linux
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Alex deVries writes:
...
 > But, i've been thinking for awhile that an Indigo2 port would be the next
 > box to target... i suppose there's no harm in looking at both machines
 > concurrently.
 > 
 > Getting docs on the Indigo2 would be quite important for a successful
 > port, though.  That would require SGI's help, and I can see them being a
 > lot more open to it if we got the Indy completely supported first.
...

     Except for the EISA slots, Indigo2 is pretty close to Indy.  They run
the same IRIX kernel binary.  The graphics are more of an issue, since most
Indigo2 systems use something other than Newport ("XL") graphics.  It might
be possible for Linux to get by using the very basic microcode downloaded by
the PROM for XZ and other microcoded graphics cards, but I have not had time
to research the interface presented.  

     There is general willingness to release information, although releasing
Indigo2-specific information would require a new authorization.  The main
problem is finding it in a form useful to people outside SGI.  (That is not
true for all hardware, but it is for quite a few of our older systems.)
The easiest path would be if someone inside SGI cobbled up basic sample
drivers for the various graphics cards, but so far there are no volunteers.
(The reason it would be the easiest path is that SGI employees can use the
IRIX source as a guide.)


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 15:39:04 1998
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From: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
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William J. Earl wrote:

> Alex deVries writes:
> ...
>  > But, i've been thinking for awhile that an Indigo2 port would be the next
>  > box to target... i suppose there's no harm in looking at both machines
>  > concurrently.
>  >
>  > Getting docs on the Indigo2 would be quite important for a successful
>  > port, though.  That would require SGI's help, and I can see them being a
>  > lot more open to it if we got the Indy completely supported first.
> ...
>
>      Except for the EISA slots, Indigo2 is pretty close to Indy.  They run
> the same IRIX kernel binary.  The graphics are more of an issue, since most
> Indigo2 systems use something other than Newport ("XL") graphics.  It might
> be possible for Linux to get by using the very basic microcode downloaded by
> the PROM for XZ and other microcoded graphics cards, but I have not had time
> to research the interface presented.
>

If i'll get my indigo2 with extreme gfx back to work, i'll see how far i can
come with a kernel that usesa serial terminal for it's output. (no gfx card
needed there).

But first get my crosscompiler to work properly ;]

Richard




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 17:00:58 1998
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Subject: Re: VINO
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> Is it possible to do VINO DMA directly to the newport ?
> 
As far as I know, you have to do it through memory.

To elaborate:  I believe you can program the DMA controller to copy
from VINO to the REX3 (read: from a fixed address to a fixed address),
but I doubt the data formats are compatible.  Ie, you'll be dumping
garbage to the REX3 registers.

  --george
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Kyriazis  | Silicon Graphics, Inc., 8U-590 |  kyriazis@sgi.com
                 | 2011 N. Shoreline Blvd.        |  650-933-2828
                 | Mt. View, CA 94043             | 

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Sep 24 22:47:01 1998
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Date: Fri, 25 Sep 1998 01:45:58 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jeremy John Welling <jwelling@engin.umich.edu>
To: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Cool
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I agree a complete working port for Indy should be the first priority.  I
haven't been following this port till recently.  But now I'm running it on
my Indy.  Very cool.  I haven't seen too many congrats to the core team on
this list, but good job people!  Thanks for the hard work.

Jeremy Welling

On Thu, 24 Sep 1998, Alex deVries wrote:

> 
> On Thu, 24 Sep 1998, Jeremy John Welling wrote:
> > What is the next architecture sgi/linux will be ported to?  Indigo2 r4kXZ?  
> > What is the status of the newport Xserver? What is the best place to get
> > specific hardware info?  Has anyone started on the Indy XZ graphics?  
> 
> This is an interesting question, and I for one would much rather see
> things like the graphics for Newport and audio working on the INdy before
> we start off on other things like the Indigo2.
> 
> But, i've been thinking for awhile that an Indigo2 port would be the next
> box to target... i suppose there's no harm in looking at both machines
> concurrently.
> 
> Getting docs on the Indigo2 would be quite important for a successful
> port, though.  That would require SGI's help, and I can see them being a
> lot more open to it if we got the Indy completely supported first.
> 
> - Alex
> 
> 


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep 25 11:23:34 1998
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From: Mike Hill <mikehill@hgeng.com>
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Subject: SCSI Patched Kernel
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Is there any chance someone could upload a binary of the latest kernel
to pub/test?  The non-SC 2.1.116 of 28 August works well on my R4600PC,
other than the SCSI thing.  With some timely and much-appreciated
assistance from installation headquarters I should be natively compiling
my own by tomorrow.

Thanks,

Mike 

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Sep 25 17:39:16 1998
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Hi,


I keep getting  this error while trying to get the latest cvs-updates
from linux.sgi.com, does anyone know
what i'm doing wrong, i've never had this with vgers-cvs tree.

bronx:~# cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@ftp.linux.sgi.com:/cvs/CVSROOT login
(Logging in to anonymous@ftp.linux.sgi.com)
CVS password:
cvs [login aborted]: unrecognized auth response from ftp.linux.sgi.com:
E Fatal error, aborting.


Richard



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sat Sep 26 05:27:00 1998
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Date: Sat, 26 Sep 1998 14:11:54 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
Cc: "linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com" <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
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On Sat, Sep 26, 1998 at 02:43:01AM +0200, Richard Hartensveld wrote:
> bronx:~# cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@ftp.linux.sgi.com:/cvs/CVSROOT login
> (Logging in to anonymous@ftp.linux.sgi.com)
> CVS password:

try:

cvs -d :pserver:cvs@linus.linux.sgi.com:/cvs login
(password is "cvs")
cvs -d :pserver:cvs@linus.linux.sgi.com:/cvs co linux

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

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On Fri, Sep 25, 1998 at 02:25:08PM -0400, Mike Hill wrote:
> Is there any chance someone could upload a binary of the latest kernel
> to pub/test?  The non-SC 2.1.116 of 28 August works well on my R4600PC,
> other than the SCSI thing.  With some timely and much-appreciated
> assistance from installation headquarters I should be natively compiling
> my own by tomorrow.

Get /pub/test/vmlinux-indy-2.1.121.tar.gz.

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sat Sep 26 15:24:26 1998
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Why aren't we using the code in linux/arch/mips/mm/kernel/indy_sc.c?

- Ulf


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sat Sep 26 15:24:58 1998
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typo, I mean, linux/arch/mips/sgi/kernel/indy_sc.c

- Ulf


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sat Sep 26 20:18:27 1998
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On Sun, Sep 27, 1998 at 12:24:14AM +0200, Ulf Carlsson wrote:

> Why aren't we using the code in linux/arch/mips/mm/kernel/indy_sc.c?

We are, but only on IP22 with R4600SC and R5000 cache modules.  Other
second level caches are not supported by this code.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Sep 28 16:18:09 1998
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Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 01:14:14 +0200
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Yesterday I studied the MIPS user's manual to find out, what has to be
done for the virtual cache coherency exceptions. Before I start to write
some code, I want make sure, that I got it right.

VCEI:
	Hit Set Virtual on BadVaddr

VCED: 
	Hit Invalidate BadVaddr
	TLB Lookup for BadVaddr
	Physical Address -> Index
	Index Load Tag
	Extract PIdx from TagLo
	Construct Vaddr from BadVaddr and PIdx
	Hit Write Back on created Vaddr
	Hit Set Virtual on BadVaddr

Comments ?

Thomas.

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Sep 28 16:51:17 1998
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Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 01:50:03 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
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On Tue, Sep 29, 1998 at 01:14:14AM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> Yesterday I studied the MIPS user's manual to find out, what has to be
> done for the virtual cache coherency exceptions. Before I start to write
> some code, I want make sure, that I got it right.
> 
> VCEI:
> 	Hit Set Virtual on BadVaddr
> 
> VCED: 
> 	Hit Invalidate BadVaddr
> 	TLB Lookup for BadVaddr
> 	Physical Address -> Index
> 	Index Load Tag
> 	Extract PIdx from TagLo
> 	Construct Vaddr from BadVaddr and PIdx
> 	Hit Write Back on created Vaddr
> 	Hit Set Virtual on BadVaddr
> 
> Comments ?

We've got code of which we're shure that it is correct.  Nevertheless
Linux ist still fragile on SC machines.  I've been tracking this in
private emails with Ulf but so far only with limited success.  Aside of
the missing VCED / VCEI handlers there must be something else that is
broken.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Sep 28 17:24:22 1998
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From: Mike Hill <mikehill@hgeng.com>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Still Installing
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1998 20:26:58 -0400
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Many thanks to Alex deVries for the on-site service call and the loan of
his hard drive to prove that SGI/Linux will boot on my hardware
(R4600PC, 32 M RAM, 8-bit graphics).  It was quite a thrill to see the
login prompt for the first time.  At the same time Alex was treated
first hand to some bizarre SGI/Linux behaviour that he's only been able
to read about until now.

Installer notes:  I was getting stuck at the point where the root drive
is mounted, with the message "Fatal error opening RPM database" and
signal 11.  Instead of partitioning the drive with fx or from within the
installer, I reran the Linux-installer 0.2 procedure.  After that, the
Hard Hat installer continued into the package installation.  Many
packages (including bash) failed to install with the "script execution
failure" message.  This was also reported by Alexander Ehlert.  The
installer finished and I had a login prompt, but I couldn't log in.
I'll download the testinstall-tree and continue with Alexander's
strategy.

Kernel notes:  I also get the truncated screen reported by Jan Chadima
(and Leon Verrall?); it seems like at least ten lines scrolling out of
view.  When I can compile a kernel I'll try reducing the screen size in
bootinfo.h.

First with the 2.1.116 kernel binary and now with 2.1.121 (thanks
Thomas), I get some streaky turquoise bands across the screen which
obscure the text that scrolls by behind them.  I couldn't reproduce this
for Alex using the installer kernel.

Mike

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Sep 28 22:25:35 1998
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Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 01:29:33 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: Mike Hill <mikehill@hgeng.com>
cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Still Installing
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On Mon, 28 Sep 1998, Mike Hill wrote:
> Many thanks to Alex deVries for the on-site service call and the loan of
> his hard drive to prove that SGI/Linux will boot on my hardware
> (R4600PC, 32 M RAM, 8-bit graphics).  It was quite a thrill to see the

Please note that such service is available provided you can supply
transportation and dinner :)

> login prompt for the first time.  At the same time Alex was treated
> first hand to some bizarre SGI/Linux behaviour that he's only been able
> to read about until now.

Okay, there are definite differences among Indy's.  I thought they wer
pretty much all the same.  There are two big differences between ours:

- 32 MB appears somehow just not to be enough to operate well.  I don't
know where the memory is actuall ygoing, though.

- There must be two different screen resolutions, since the *exact* same
binaries that displayed beautifully on mine were chopped off on Mike's.
Is ther emore than one version of the newport?

> signal 11.  Instead of partitioning the drive with fx or from within the
> installer, I reran the Linux-installer 0.2 procedure.  After that, the
> Hard Hat installer continued into the package installation.  Many
> packages (including bash) failed to install with the "script execution
> failure" message.  This was also reported by Alexander Ehlert.  The
> installer finished and I had a login prompt, but I couldn't log in.
> I'll download the testinstall-tree and continue with Alexander's
> strategy.

Okay.  So there's a partitioning issue.  I think we knew that.

The script execution thing is, i think, just because the CD you have isn't
quite the latest one.

> Kernel notes:  I also get the truncated screen reported by Jan Chadima
> (and Leon Verrall?); it seems like at least ten lines scrolling out of
> view.  When I can compile a kernel I'll try reducing the screen size in
> bootinfo.h.

This is strange.  This means that different newport graphics cards have
different sizes.


- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 29 14:56:28 1998
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Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 23:24:55 +0200
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: VCEI/VCED handling
References: <19980929011414.43485@alpha.franken.de> <19980929015003.E2215@uni-koblenz.de>
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On Tue, Sep 29, 1998 at 01:50:03AM +0200, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> We've got code of which we're shure that it is correct.  Nevertheless
> Linux ist still fragile on SC machines.  I've been tracking this in
> private emails with Ulf but so far only with limited success.  Aside of
> the missing VCED / VCEI handlers there must be something else that is
> broken.

As I understand the problem now, I wrote the little test program below.
If I'll try it on a R4600PC Indy or a R4000PC Olivetti with Linux, I don't
get what I would expect. On IRIX, Linux/Alpha (I have to change the offset
between the two mapping to 0x2000, because of the bigger page size on Alphas)
and Linux/x86 the program works. IMHO this is a showstopper as we don't handle 
cache aliases right.  

How does IRIX solve this problem ? Does it disable caching for shared 
writeable pages ?

Thomas.

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

unsigned char buf[1024];

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int fd;
	unsigned char *mem1,*mem2;

	if ((fd = open ("mmap_file",O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0644)) < 0) {
		perror ("open");
		exit (1);
	}
	write (fd, buf, sizeof(buf));

	if ((mem1 = mmap (NULL, 1024, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)) == (unsigned char *)-1) {
		perror ("mmap mem1");
		exit (2);
	}
	if ((mem2 = mmap (mem1+0x1000, 1024, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED|MAP_FIXED, fd, 0)) == (unsigned char *)-1) {
		perror ("mmap mem2");
		exit (3);
	}
	printf ("mem1 %p, mem2 %p\n",mem1,mem2);

	*mem1 = 0x55;
	printf ("*mem1 = %x, *mem2 = %x\n",*mem1,*mem2);

	*mem1 = 0xaa;
	printf ("*mem1 = %x, *mem2 = %x\n",*mem1,*mem2);

	*mem2 = 0x33;
	printf ("*mem2 = %x, *mem1 = %x\n",*mem2,*mem1);

	*mem2 = 0xcc;
	printf ("*mem2 = %x, *mem1 = %x\n",*mem2,*mem1);

	return 0;
}

-- 
See, you not only have to be a good coder to create a system like Linux,
you have to be a sneaky bastard too ;-)
                   [Linus Torvalds in <4rikft$7g5@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>]

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 29 15:35:55 1998
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From: "William J. Earl" <wje@fir.engr.sgi.com>
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: ralf@uni-koblenz.de, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: VCEI/VCED handling
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	<19980929015003.E2215@uni-koblenz.de>
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Thomas Bogendoerfer writes:
 > On Tue, Sep 29, 1998 at 01:50:03AM +0200, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
 > > We've got code of which we're shure that it is correct.  Nevertheless
 > > Linux ist still fragile on SC machines.  I've been tracking this in
 > > private emails with Ulf but so far only with limited success.  Aside of
 > > the missing VCED / VCEI handlers there must be something else that is
 > > broken.
 > 
 > As I understand the problem now, I wrote the little test program below.
 > If I'll try it on a R4600PC Indy or a R4000PC Olivetti with Linux, I don't
 > get what I would expect. On IRIX, Linux/Alpha (I have to change the offset
 > between the two mapping to 0x2000, because of the bigger page size on Alphas)
 > and Linux/x86 the program works. IMHO this is a showstopper as we don't handle 
 > cache aliases right.  
 > 
 > How does IRIX solve this problem ? Does it disable caching for shared 
 > writeable pages ?

      No, IRIX does write ownership switching, using the TLB.  That
is, only one virtual cache color (virtual cache page index)
equivalence class of mappings can have the hardware PTE valid bit set
at any one time, if any class has the hardware PTE modify bit set in
any of its PTEs.  If no class has the modify bit set in any PTE, then
all classes may have the PTE valid bit set.  If you want to read
via class (color) 0, and the class 1 is currently writing, all PTEs of
class 1 have the modify bit turned off, and the primary data cache
for class 1 is written back to memory (and is hence marked "clean"
instead of "dirty" in the cache).  Class 0 is then allowed to read
(the hardware valid bit is set in the faulting PTE).  If class 0 wants
to write (gets a modify fault), the valid bit is turned off for all
PTEs of other classes, and the data cache for those classes is invalidated
with respect to the page in question, and then the modify bit is turned
on for the faulting PTE.  

     Note that this problem applies to the R4000PC and to all R4600
and R5000 processors (PC and SC), because there is no hardware VCE
support in those processors.  Software must avoid allowing virtual
aliases of different colors to write concurrently, and must
writeback-invalidate the cache for the old color and invalidate the
PTEs for the old color, when allowing some other color to write.
Doing this efficienly requires some form of back pointer from the page
frame table entry for the page to all of the virtual references for
the page (the PTEs).  IRIX does not need to do this for anonymous
pages, since they cannot be double-mapped with different virtual
colors.  It uses the vnode pointer in the page frame table to the list
of mappings for the page; the analog in linux is inode field in
mem_map_t, which points to the mapped file, which in turn points to
the mappings via i_mmap and the vm_next_share/vm_pprev_share pointers.

    Note further that this problem is complicated by the MIPS K0SEG
addressing mode.  Since there are no PTEs for K0SEG, the kernel should
not use K0SEG addresses for pages which may be mapped into user space
with multiple colors.

    IRIX makes an effort to minimize conflicting mappings, by arranging
that the default address selected for mmap() is color-congruent to the
offset in the file being mapped.  This of course does not work for
MAP_FIXED, so MAP_FIXED requires the above write ownership switching.

    The ownership can be provided by a field in mem_map_t of 5 bits:

	int	vcolor : 5;

Where we define:

#define	PAGE_VCOLOR_MIN 0
#define	PAGE_VCOLOR_MAX 7
#define PAGE_VCOLOR_NONE (-2)
#define PAGE_VCOLOR_SHARED (-1)

and

#define PAGE_IS_VCOLOR_EXCLUSIVE(mm) ((mm)->vcolor >= 0)
#define PAGE_IS_VCOLOR_SHARED(mm) ((mm)->vcolor == PAGE_VCOLOR_SHARED)

We also have

extern	int	pagevcolorsize;
extern	int	pagevcolormask;

#define vaddr_to_vcolor(va) ((((__psunsigned_t) (va)) / NBPP) & pagevcolormask)

We set pagecolorsize to the size of one set of the cache divided by the
size of a page, and we set pagecolormask to (pagecolorsize - 1).
For the R4000PC and R4600, pagecolorsize is 2; for the R5000, pagecolorsize
is 4.  Note that the virtual color on the R4000SC and R4400SC has 8 values,
regardless of the primary cache size, for a page size of 4 KB, because
the secondary cache treats the 8 possible values of the PIdx field of the
secondary cache tag as distinct.


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 29 16:19:53 1998
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Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1998 01:18:38 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Atlanta Linux Showcase
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>From the web page http://www.ale.org/showcase/:

[...]
FREE! Linux In Action: showing a large variety of Linux software on multiple
platforms (Alpha, Intel, PPC, SPARC) in action together. This is your chance to
experience Linux hands-on! Atlanta Linux Enthusiasts (ALE) will staff the
booth and will be on hand to demo software and answer questions. 
[...]

Anybody there to fix this ``bug''?

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 29 16:24:31 1998
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Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1998 01:29:09 +0200
From: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>
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Hi,

i'm trying to crosscompile a linux/sgi kernel on a debian/i386 machine
with the binutils and the mips-linux-gcc compiler from the linux-sgi ftp
site.

But i keep getting the following  error, does anyone know what i am
doing wrong.?
I'm trying to compile  for a r5000 cpu.

(the dependancies works fine)

wilderness:/usr/src/linux# make CROSS_COMPILE=mips-linux- zImage
mips-linux-gcc -D__KERNEL__ -I/usr/src/linux/include -Wall
-Wstrict-prototypes -
O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -G 0 -mno-abicalls -fno-pic -mcpu=r8000 -mips2
-pipe  -c
 -o init/main.o init/main.c
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h: In function `on_sig_stack':
In file included from init/main.c:17:
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:528: `current' undeclared (first
use this f
unction)
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:528: (Each undeclared identifier is
reporte
d only once
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:528: for each function it appears
in.)
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:530: warning: control reaches end
of non-vo
id function
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h: In function `sas_ss_flags':
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:534: `current' undeclared (first
use this f
unction)
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:536: warning: control reaches end
of non-vo
id function
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h: In function `suser':
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:561: `current' undeclared (first
use this f
unction)
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h: In function `fsuser':
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:570: `current' undeclared (first
use this f
unction)
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h: In function `capable':
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sched.h:586: `current' undeclared (first
use this f
unction)
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/mm.h: In function `expand_stack':
In file included from /usr/src/linux/include/linux/slab.h:14,
                 from /usr/src/linux/include/linux/malloc.h:4,
                 from /usr/src/linux/include/linux/proc_fs.h:6,
                 from init/main.c:24:
/usr/src/linux/include/linux/mm.h:353: `current' undeclared (first use
this func
tion)
make: *** [init/main.o] Error 1


Anyone who could help?

Richard



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 29 17:07:46 1998
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From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: VCEI/VCED handling
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On Tue, Sep 29, 1998 at 11:24:55PM +0200, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> On Tue, Sep 29, 1998 at 01:50:03AM +0200, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> > We've got code of which we're shure that it is correct.  Nevertheless
> > Linux ist still fragile on SC machines.  I've been tracking this in
> > private emails with Ulf but so far only with limited success.  Aside of
> > the missing VCED / VCEI handlers there must be something else that is
> > broken.
> 
> As I understand the problem now, I wrote the little test program below.
> If I'll try it on a R4600PC Indy or a R4000PC Olivetti with Linux, I don't
> get what I would expect. On IRIX, Linux/Alpha (I have to change the offset
> between the two mapping to 0x2000, because of the bigger page size on Alphas)
> and Linux/x86 the program works. IMHO this is a showstopper as we don't handle 
> cache aliases right.  

It's a known problem - and a nasty one.  Basically a good solution requires
a way to map a page's physical address to virtual addresses.  And Linux 2.2's
mm will not provide this feature.  Reverse mappings are under planning for
2.3 for other improvments.  It was my plan to ignore this bug for now and
deal with virtual coherency when reverse mappings are implemented in 2.3.

Oh, I've already implemented the solution for the special case of ZERO_PAGE.
On CPUs which know about the virtual coherency exception have eight colours
for zero page.  The change is basically to pass in the virtual address to
ZERO_PAGE such that we always do ``colourly correct'' allocation.  That was
the simple case.

> How does IRIX solve this problem ? Does it disable caching for shared 
> writeable pages ?

Mapping shared writeable pages uncached is not the solution.  The virtual
coherency problem in Linux/MIPS may happen between multiple userspace
mappings or userspace and kernelspace, that is KSEG0, mappings.  While
we could disable caching for certain pages in the hope that we'll only
end up with a few uncached pages making KSEG0 uncached is completly
unacceptable performancewise.  However, if we don't, then we might end up
with aliases between userspace pages and KSEG0 pages.

Here two postings from Wje recovered from my neverending mail archives:

> Date: Thu, 2 Apr 1998 15:15:03 -0800
> Message-Id: <199804022315.PAA01986@fir.engr.sgi.com>
> From: "William J. Earl" <wje@fir.engr.sgi.com>
> To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
> Cc: "William J. Earl" <wje@fir.engr.sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
> Subject: Re: VCE exceptions
> 
> ralf@uni-koblenz.de writes:
>  > On Thu, Apr 02, 1998 at 01:41:02PM -0800, William J. Earl wrote:
>  > 
>  > >  > Another way to finally eleminate the virtual coherency problem from
>  > >  > KSEG0's landscape would be to actually use 8 pages as an array of
>  > >  > empty_zero_pages[], so we would be able to map one wherever we want
>  > >  > such that we never run into virtual coherency trouble.
>  > > 
>  > >       For an always-zero page, this is the best solution.  At a small
>  > > cost in memory, you get far less overhead.
>  > 
>  > Indeed, 16ns on a 250Mhz machine for every exception that goes via the
>  > general exception vector _plus_ the actual vce / vci handling, that sucks.
>  > I just wonder why those exceptions have been implemented at all?
>  > 
>  > They may help somewhat in debugging operating systems, but in our situation
>  > they're nervragging by their mere existance.
> 
> In the R10000, the hardware does the VCE correction.  On the R4000PC, R4600,
> and R5000, we have to avoid the problem in software, since the hardware
> does not detect conflicts.   The motivation, and the reason that IRIX
> depends on VCEs on the R4000 and R4400, was to make it easier to port
> R3000 operating systems to the R4000.  If you don't have infrastructure
> to control virtual aliasing (where a single page is mapped read-write at
> two distinct virtual addresses with differing primary cache virtual indexes),
> you get wrong answers with VCE (whether handled in software or hardware).
> At MIPS, with the Magnum 4000PC under RISC/os, and at SGI, with the
> Indy R4000PC (and later R4600 and R5000), I modified RISC/os and IRIX to
> control virtual aliasing, but only for those platforms without hardware
> VCE detection (in order to minimize time to market).  
> 
>     Note that taking a K0SEG address for a physical page which is also mapped
> to user space can easily cause a VCE, since there is a good chance that
> the K0SEG virtual index differs from the user space virtual index, unless
> you match physical page color to virtual page color when allocating pages.
> Note that you have to do that for any pages which must be accessible in
> the general exception handler, since you cannot handle a VCE in the
> exception handler.

> Date: Fri, 3 Apr 1998 11:11:15 -0800
> Message-Id: <199804031911.LAA21028@fir.engr.sgi.com>
> From: "William J. Earl" <wje@fir.engr.sgi.com>
> To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
> Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
> Subject: Re: VCE exceptions

[...]

>      Remember that there are two parts to the problem.  For the R4000SC and
> R4400SC, you can attack it by having the general exception handler avoid
> referencing any page which could get a VCE (probably by not using data in
> memory until after determining that the exception is a VCE exception) 
> and having the VCE exception handler, running in assembly code at SR_EXL
> level, fixup the cache (typically by doing hit-writeback-invalidate on
> the D cache, hit-invalidate on the I cache, and hit-set-virtual on
> the S cache, or else by doing hit-writeback-invalidate on the S-cache,
> which is simpler but slower, accounting for the multiple I and
> D cache entries per S cache entry).    For the other processors, the software
> has to avoid creating D cache aliases (mappings with different virtual
> indexes in the D cache) for writeable pages, to avoid data corruption
> via stale copies in the D cache.  Since there is no hardware detection
> of the aliases, the data corruption is silent.

[...]

>  > A small test program for the mmap/write problem attached.  If may be
>  > necessary to start it several times in order to make it print the ``Big
>  > trouble, man ...'' message.
> 
>      As soon as I get a chance, I will look at the relevant linux
> code.  Note that physical color allocation can also make a big
> performance difference on direct mapped secondary caches, as on all of
> the Indy processors with secondary caches.  That is, you want to
> maximize the likelihood that the secondary cache indexes of the
> physical pages in a given application will be uniformly distributed
> across the secondary cache.  Excessive hot spots will lead to
> dramatically lower performance.  Allocation of a page where physical
> color matches intented virtual color matters only if you need
> to use a K0SEG address for the page to avoid TLB misses (as in 
> the general exception handler, unless the K2SEG address is wired).
> 
>      For the mmap/write problem, what I did in IRIX was to first try
> to assign mmap() virtual colors and buffer cache virtual colors
> (colors of the K2SEG address for the page, not necessarily physical
> color of the page, although having the physical color match means that
> a cheaper K0SEG reference can be used) congruent to the virtual color
> of the file offset for that page.  Then write() will see the same
> virtual color when accessing the page as will the user program when
> accessing the page using an address created using mmap().  When
> MAP_FIXED and MAP_SHARED are set, however, and the specified virtual
> color for the mapping is not congruent to the specified file offset,
> an extra mechanism is required, namely software ownership switching of
> the "current" virtual color.  For the page frame, we remember the
> current virtual color, and arrange that the pg_vr bit is set only for
> mappings which match that virtual color.  If we get a fault on a
> mapping of a different color, we writeback-invalidate the primary
> caches for the "current" color, invalidate the "current" mappings (by
> turning off pg_vr), record the new "current" color, and then validate
> the new "current" mappings (by turning on pg_vr).  In IRIX 6.3 and
> later versions, I also allow the possibility of a "shared read
> multiple color" state, where all mappings were allowed to be valid,
> but with pg_m off.  That is, the "current" color became a
> multiple-reader/single-writer lock on access to the page (where the
> "single-writer" was a color equivalence class, not a single mapping).
> In this case, the transition from "multiple-reader" mode to
> "single-writer" mode requires invalidating all colors of the primary
> cache for the given page.  Note that for MAP_FIXED with MAP_PRIVATE,
> we can simply copy the page, even when it has not yet been modified,
> if the mapped virtual color is not congruent to the file offset
> virtual color.
> 
>     In IRIX, we handle the instruction cache specially, and do not
> attempt to keep it coherent on the processors without hardware VCE
> detection, so the above description is a little more restrictive than
> what actually happens.  This approach is based on updates to instruction
> pages being relatively rare, compared to updates to other pages,
> so we wind up doing fewer I cache invalidates overall.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Sep 29 18:22:32 1998
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Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 18:21:03 -0700
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From: "William J. Earl" <wje@fir.engr.sgi.com>
To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: VCEI/VCED handling
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	<19980929015003.E2215@uni-koblenz.de>
	<19980929232455.30571@alpha.franken.de>
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ralf@uni-koblenz.de writes:
...
 > It's a known problem - and a nasty one.  Basically a good solution requires
 > a way to map a page's physical address to virtual addresses.  And Linux 2.2's
 > mm will not provide this feature.  Reverse mappings are under planning for
 > 2.3 for other improvments.  It was my plan to ignore this bug for now and
 > deal with virtual coherency when reverse mappings are implemented in 2.3.
 >
 > Oh, I've already implemented the solution for the special case of ZERO_PAGE.
 > On CPUs which know about the virtual coherency exception have eight colours
 > for zero page.  The change is basically to pass in the virtual address to
 > ZERO_PAGE such that we always do ``colourly correct'' allocation.  That was
 > the simple case.

       On the machines without VCE detection (R4000PC, R4600, R5000),
the zero page is safe, because it is read-only.  Anonymous pages
are not an issue, since they are not double-mapped.

       What is wrong with going from the mem_map_t.inode to the
inode.i_mmap list of mappings, and thence to the PTEs?  IRIX, at least
before IRIX 6.5, does the equivalent to solve this problem.

 > > How does IRIX solve this problem ? Does it disable caching for shared 
 > > writeable pages ?
 > 
 > Mapping shared writeable pages uncached is not the solution.  The virtual
 > coherency problem in Linux/MIPS may happen between multiple userspace
 > mappings or userspace and kernelspace, that is KSEG0, mappings.  While
 > we could disable caching for certain pages in the hope that we'll only
 > end up with a few uncached pages making KSEG0 uncached is completly
 > unacceptable performancewise.  However, if we don't, then we might end up
 > with aliases between userspace pages and KSEG0 pages.

      You can use KSEG2 instead of KSEG0 for all pages which might be
mapped into user space.  IRIX mostly does that, and keeps the KSEG2 mapping
around only as long as necessary, and then only with the current virtual
color (the color which currently has write ownership of the page) locked
(which means that references via other colors block until the kernel
gives up its mapping).  


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 30 07:08:11 1998
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Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1998 10:11:48 -0400 (EDT)
From: Alex deVries <adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca>
To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Atlanta Linux Showcase
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On Wed, 30 Sep 1998 ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> FREE! Linux In Action: showing a large variety of Linux software on multiple
> platforms (Alpha, Intel, PPC, SPARC) in action together. This is your chance to
> experience Linux hands-on! Atlanta Linux Enthusiasts (ALE) will staff the
> booth and will be on hand to demo software and answer questions. 
> [...]
> Anybody there to fix this ``bug''?
> 

Yeah, I'm actually going to be there to talk about SGI/Linux.  And I've
already arranged with the folks in Atlanta to get me a monitor so that I
can bring my little blue fellow down to put SGI/Linux on display.

In other news, I have in my possesion 15 copies of Rough Cuts, on which
disk 3 is the hardhat release we worked on.

- Alex


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Sep 30 14:31:39 1998
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Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1998 23:29:39 +0200
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Richard Hartensveld <richardh@infopact.nl>,
        "linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com" <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Re: crosscompiling on debian/i386
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On Wed, Sep 30, 1998 at 01:29:09AM +0200, Richard Hartensveld wrote:

> i'm trying to crosscompile a linux/sgi kernel on a debian/i386 machine
> with the binutils and the mips-linux-gcc compiler from the linux-sgi ftp
> site.
> 
> But i keep getting the following  error, does anyone know what i am
> doing wrong.?

The error messages look like you've been attempting to compile a vanilla
kernel from ftp.kernel.org.  Won't work, get a tree from ftp.linux.sgi.com.
You're also passing variables to make which normally isn't necessary.  Did
you've select CONFIG_CROSSCOMPILE when configuring the kernel?  The sources
will then automatically select the right compiler.

   Ralf

