From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sun Nov  1 11:27:19 1998
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From: 4819 <rmk@shell.mdc.net>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: status of X?
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what is the current status of Xfree on the indy? Is it working yet, and if
so where can I get it. If not, what do I need to do in order to run the
Xsgi server?



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sun Nov  1 19:53:15 1998
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From: ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
Message-Id: <199811020352.TAA35937@oz.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: booting problems (forward)
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[Forwarding a bounced message ]

:From: Luke Deller <luked@cse.unsw.edu.au>
:To: adevries@engsoc.carleton.ca
:Date: Sun, 1 Nov 1998 16:33:18 +1100 (EST)
:X-Sender: luked@ganter.disy.cse.unsw.EDU.AU
:cc: linux@engr.sgi.com
:Subject: mips linux
:Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.95.981101161535.18240B-100000@ganter.disy.cse.unsw.EDU.AU>
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:
:Hi,
:
:We have installed linux on an SGI Indy with no level 2 cache.
:As requested in a README file, i'm letting you guys know how we went.
:
:There was an untested kernel in:
:ftp.linux.sgi.com:/pub/test/vmlinux-indy-noL2-2.1.72.tar.gz
:We tried this kernel and it didn't work.  The screen went black, so it looks
:like it got into console mode ok, but there was no text output at all.
:
:We have successfully booted linux using the kernel in:
:ftp.linux.sgi.com:/pub/test/vmlinux-indy-noL2-971208.tar.gz
:
:There was one problem that we encountered with the simple filesystem in:
:ftp.linux.sgi.com:/pub/mips-linux/GettingStarted/root-be-0.04.cpio.gz
:It is missing libz.so, so "rpm" couldn't run.  We had to use an x86 linux
:box to extract the zlib rpm so that we could extract other rpms on the mips 
:box.
:
:If you would like us to test any more mips-linux kernels for an indy with no
:level 2 cache, please don't hesitate to email me.
:
:Luke.
:
:--------------------------------------------------------------------------
:           Luke Deller                               luked@cse.unsw.edu.au
: _--_|\    Computer Engineering student           
:/      \   School of Computer Science and Engineering     ? ? ? ?        
:\_.--._*   The University of New South Wales               ~~^^~  
:      v    Sydney, NSW     2052    AUSTRALIA                o o
:-------------------------------------------------------ooO--(_)--Ooo------
:


-- 
Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sun Nov  1 21:06:42 1998
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From: ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
Message-Id: <199811020506.VAA37591@oz.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: The Holloween Document (fwd)
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com (SGI/Linux mailing list)
Date: Sun, 1 Nov 1998 21:06:01 -0800 (PST)
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[This is significant.  It details an internal (and confidential)
 Microsoft sanctioned memo on how to fight the Open Source movement
 and Mainly Linux. ]

 Read carefully and Please distribute widely. The document is long
 I just quote some crucial parts of it]

	http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/halloween.html

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here are some notable quotes from the document, ``OSS'' is the
author's abbreviation for ``Open Source Software''.

Vinod Valloppillil (VinodV)
Aug 11, 1998 ¨C v1.00
Microsoft Confidential
[only a few excerpts follow, read the link above for the full details.]

    * OSS poses a direct, short-term revenue and platform threat
    to Microsoft, particularly in server space. Additionally, the
    intrinsic parallelism and free idea exchange in OSS has benefits
    that are not replicable with our current licensing model and
    therefore present a long term developer mindshare threat. 

    * Recent case studies (the Internet) provide very dramatic
    evidence ... that commercial quality can be achieved / exceeded
    by OSS projects. 

    * ...to understand how to compete against OSS, we [Microsoft]
    must target a *process* rather than a company. 

    * OSS is long-term credible ... FUD tactics can not be used to combat it. 

    * Linux and other OSS advocates are making a progressively more
    credible argument that OSS software is at least as robust ¨C if
    not more ¨C than commercial alternatives. The Internet provides
    an ideal, high-visibility showcase for the OSS world. 

    * Linux has been deployed in mission critical, commercial
    environments with an excellent pool of public testimonials.
    ... Linux outperforms many other UNIXes ... Linux is on track to
    eventually own the x86 UNIX market ... 

    * Linux can win as long as services / protocols are commodities. 

    * OSS projects have been able to gain a foothold in many server
    applications because of the wide utility of highly commoditized,
    simple protocols. By extending these protocols and developing
    new protocols, we can deny OSS projects entry into the market. 

    * The ability of the OSS process to collect and harness the
    collective IQ of thousands of individuals across the Internet
    is simply amazing. More importantly, OSS evangelization scales
    with the size of the Internet much faster than our own evangelization
    efforts appear to scale. 


-- 
Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 16:20:51 1998
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Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 13:20:04 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
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Subject: Challenge S question
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Short question, the Challenge S is headless.  Does it still have the
keyboard controller and keyboard and mouse ports in the hardware?

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 16:20:55 1998
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Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 16:58:58 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Warner Losh <imp@village.org>, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: MIPS R3230?
References: <36350DB4.3CC01730@xmission.com> <199810262335.QAA12729@harmony.village.org> <36350DB4.3CC01730@xmission.com> <199810270544.WAA14203@harmony.village.org>
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On Mon, Oct 26, 1998 at 10:44:40PM -0700, Warner Losh wrote:

> In message <36350DB4.3CC01730@xmission.com> Eric Jorgensen writes:
> : 	Scratch that. I have a 2030 and a 3240. But I don't use either of them.
> : I'd love to use the 3240 tho. 
> 
> I see...
> 
> : 	On the other hand, I don't have a complete distribution of RISCos on
> : either of them. They both mounted most of the /usr tree (or whatever it
> : is on riscos) via NFS, some machine they can't talk to anymore. 
> 
> Hmmm.  That's too bad.  I'd dup the two QIC-150 tapes that I have, but
> I don't want to violate anybody's IP.

All Mips Computer Systems, Inc machines were sold including the license
for the OS, duplicating the tapes should be ok.

I cc this to linux@engr.sgi.com, maybe one of them wants to comment.  Also,
it's in general a good idea because on that list are engineers that were
working on these machines.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 16:20:51 1998
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Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 17:03:06 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Warner Losh <imp@village.org>, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: MIPS R3230?
References: <199810270544.WAA14203@harmony.village.org> <36350DB4.3CC01730@xmission.com> <199810262335.QAA12729@harmony.village.org> <199810270544.WAA14203@harmony.village.org> <199810270548.WAA14350@harmony.village.org>
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On Mon, Oct 26, 1998 at 10:48:10PM -0700, Warner Losh wrote:

> I do have one specific question that doesn't appear to be in the
> hardware reference.  Can someone help me on where to find the entry
> points to the MIPS ROM/firmware?  I've not been able to find a vector
> table or anything like that in my hunting trought the hardware
> reference manual.

Checkout the arch/mips/mips/ directory in the CVS.  Long time ago there
were files in that directory which were generating PROM stubs, all
based on information from /usr/include/ of RISC/os 5.00.  Since nothing
was using these stubs for a long time I deleted them, you'll have to
rescue them from Attic/.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 16:20:54 1998
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Message-ID: <19981104175235.A16320@uni-koblenz.de>
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 17:52:35 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: linux-mips@fnet.fr, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com,
        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: RM200 and more
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Hi all,

Something is very fishy with the RM200 (E)ISA interrupt handler code.

Sympthom was that some time we loose (E)ISA interrupts which essentially is
almost equivalent to a crash since without timer interrupt there isn't very
much left to loose ...  What I observed was that the 8259 PICs stop signaling
interrupts to the processor however if I poll them for interrupts they tell
me there'd be an interrupt.  In some cases not all interrupts are dead an
another interrupt may resurrect the dead ones.  For a user this bug was
visible as strange hangs from which the machine may recover by for example
hitting a key or telneting to the machine.  This bug affects all RM200C
kernels since at least 2.1.73, probably even longer.  No idea what's the
cause for this.

I've done a major overhaul of the keyboard stuff.  Essentially my current
2.1.126 based kernel has the MIPS keyboard stuff redone completly.  For
the first time without CONFIG_STUPID system and flexible enough to
add about any new port with non-standard keyboard controller interface like
the Algorithmics P4032 board.  During that I found the probably oldest
Linux/MIPS bug, __delay has a wrong operand to multu resulting usually in
way to short delay loops which on some machines may result in funny
keyboard messages or even the keyboard not being detected.  Another effect
is that now the PS/2 mouse of the RM200 works.

I've hacked the NCR 53C8xx driver back into usability.  It works on my two
NCR based systems but I'd never call that thing reliable because I know how
horribly hacked my source is.  Anyway since it seems to be usable I'll
commit it.

I just found that I accidently never commited the uaccess.h file with my
module fixes to CVS, so modules built from the CVS source can in most cases
not be loaded due to relocation overflows.

Modutils have bug which prevents them from building on little endian machines.
I've fixed that one just like two other modutil bugs.

  Ralf


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 10:41:30 1998
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From: Mike Hill <mikehill@hgeng.com>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Another Success Report
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 13:46:24 -0500 
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An exciting week here:

1)  I booted the Hardhat distribution from my own local hard drive for
the first time (had done this before using a drive belonging to Alex);

2)  natively compiled a mips kernel for the first time;

3)  saw the bottom of my screen for the first time (re-sized to 126x46
in bootinfo.h).

Thanks to Alex, Ulf, Thomas and Ralf (as well as the authors of previous
success reports) for their suggestions.  If anyone needed to know, I
could probably re-create the procedure I used.

The kernel I compiled was the 2.1.100 packaged with Hardhat; does anyone
else get coloured stripes across the screen with later kernels (116,
117, 121)?

Thanks,

Mike

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 16:42:21 1998
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From: Bob Mende Pie <mende@piecomputer.engr.sgi.com>
To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
CC: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
In-reply-to: <19981028132004.A2100@uni-koblenz.de> (ralf@uni-koblenz.de)
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> Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 13:20:04 +0100
> From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
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> Short question, the Challenge S is headless.  Does it still have the
> keyboard controller and keyboard and mouse ports in the hardware?
> 
>   Ralf
> 

It should.   The challenge/S is a indy with the following changes.

.	Pull the graphics card out of it.
.	Put an IOplus card where the graphics card goes.
	An ioplus has two WD33C95A controlers on it and a 2nd eithernet
	that is the same type as the onboard ec0 but is IDed as ec3.
.	Put diffrent sheetmetal on the back of the box so the connectors on
	the IOplus line up with holes.

                    /Bob...                    mailto:mende@sgi.com
              http://reality.sgi.com/mende            KF6EID

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 17:03:15 1998
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From: "William J. Earl" <wje@fir.engr.sgi.com>
To: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
Cc: Warner Losh <imp@village.org>, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: MIPS R3230?
In-Reply-To: <19981027165858.D358@uni-koblenz.de>
References: <36350DB4.3CC01730@xmission.com>
	<199810262335.QAA12729@harmony.village.org>
	<199810270544.WAA14203@harmony.village.org>
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ralf@uni-koblenz.de writes:
 > On Mon, Oct 26, 1998 at 10:44:40PM -0700, Warner Losh wrote:
 > 
 > > In message <36350DB4.3CC01730@xmission.com> Eric Jorgensen writes:
...
 > > : 	On the other hand, I don't have a complete distribution of RISCos on
 > > : either of them. They both mounted most of the /usr tree (or whatever it
 > > : is on riscos) via NFS, some machine they can't talk to anymore. 
 > > 
 > > Hmmm.  That's too bad.  I'd dup the two QIC-150 tapes that I have, but
 > > I don't want to violate anybody's IP.
 > 
 > All Mips Computer Systems, Inc machines were sold including the license
 > for the OS, duplicating the tapes should be ok.

       Yes, the MIPS systems were sold with an OS license (for use on that
machine).  The license includes UNIX and NFS licenses.

       I believe that the 3230 and 3240 used QIC-150, but I think some
M/120 systems had only QIC-120.  (The QIC-150 reads both kinds of cartridge,
but the QIC-120 of course cannot read the QIC-150 tape.)  


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 17:32:07 1998
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Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 02:30:15 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@fnet.fr
Subject: GDB
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I found that by accident GDB and the kernel were using different
ptrace(2) interfaces.  After fixing that for example ``info registers''
works ok.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov  4 18:15:31 1998
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Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 03:13:25 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Ariel Faigon <ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Linus is down ? (fwd)
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On Fri, Oct 30, 1998 at 06:28:50PM -0800, Ariel Faigon wrote:

> linus had many memory parity errors (most fixed by the CPU, but
> one eventually failed) this afternoon which caused it to hang.
> David rebooted it and will be replacing the bad SIMM early next week.

Which reminds me that we don't handle cache errors and other desaster
events at all.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sat Nov  7 18:37:36 1998
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Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 10:41:29 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Warner Losh <imp@village.org>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Prices on Indy
References: <199810292231.PAA17553@harmony.village.org>
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On Thu, Oct 29, 1998 at 03:31:32PM -0700, Warner Losh wrote:

> I'm looking at a couple of Indy machines that have 50MHz R4400 CPUs in
> them.  What's the going price for this?  There is no memory or disks
> or much of anything else included with these machines.  What's a good
> price?  The person I'm talking to wants $210
> 
> Also, I have a chance to get full systems (with 80M-128M memory,
> 500M-1G disk) for $525.  This includes monitors, etc.

I have no real orientation about workstation second hand prices.  An Indy
R5000SC 180MHz, 64mb, 17" Monitor and unknown gfx option is being advertised
for around DEM 5000 (DEM 1.65 == USD 1) including tax by second hand
workstation dealers here in Germany.  You should be able to get a second
hand Indy much cheaper than that since most people will orient their
prices on PCs which have ridiculuous second hand prices.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov  5 08:28:13 1998
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Subject: Re: Challenge S question
To: mende@piecomputer.engr.sgi.com (Bob Mende Pie)
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Cc: ralf@uni-koblenz.de, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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Ralf asked:

> > Short question, the Challenge S is headless.  Does it still have the
> > keyboard controller and keyboard and mouse ports in the hardware?

And Bob answered:

> It should.

The two Challenge S's I've had, and the one I currently have, do
not have keyboard and mouse ports.

Refer to page 3-32 of the SGI Hardware Developer Handbook R2.0 for a
diagram of what the Challenge S has.

Richard Masoner

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov  5 12:53:50 1998
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From: ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
Message-Id: <199811052053.MAA55262@oz.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Halloween doc II
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com (SGI/Linux mailing list)
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 12:53:04 -0800 (PST)
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Hi,

A second "what is Linux and how to combat it" document
just came out the Microsoft leak factory:

        http://www.opensource.org/halloween2.html

It is a followup doc to the infamous "Halloween Doc"
(now renamed "Halloween I").   It was leaked by an MS
employee as a reaction to the recent publicity for
Halloween-I.  It adds the threat of Linux as a client
and gives a very positive evaluation of Linux (coming
from within MS, this is telling).

It concludes again, with the sinister suggestions to
"de-commoditize" open protocols, plus (surprise) ways
to attack Linux via litigation (if you can't beat them
on merit, there are always the nukes, Bill).

		---
There's specific interest to this community: David Miller
and Miguel de Icaza are both mentioned and their SPARC
comparison docs are linked from this document.  No doubt,
the MS guys did a great research job.

There's a lot the Linux community learn from this document.
Just read the "what's missing in Linux compared to NT"
part and make sure it is implemented. It doesn't appear
too hard.  Some points which are definitely geared towards
the non sophisticated users include:

	1) Automounting a floppy/CD when it is inserted
	   (BTW: IRIX mediad has been doing this for quite a while)

	2) Simpler installation: e.g. rather than asking 30
	   questions, provide a menu like:
		1) Express install: don't ask me anything,
		   just go ahead and fill my disk.
		2) Pick and chose: let me select
		...

	3) XFree86 installation: don't ask me what chipset I have
	   and what's the scan rates etc.  Instead have an internal
	   mapping table between well known brand names (e.g. ATI Mach64)
	   and the details of the card.  People usually know the latter
	   (what's written on the box, but rarely the former)

	4) Simpler Network config:  DHCP client installed by default
	   Again saving complex questions to the simple user

	5) Of course, a coherent consistent GUI to manage everything
	   from HW devices to access to files etc.  Those who need
	   the simplicity, will never be willing to do command line
	   stuff.

	6) Development tools like VB/VC++ :-)

Someone forward this to Red Hat / Gnome and the XFree86 teams ...

-- 
Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov  5 13:05:45 1998
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        "Halloween doc II" (Nov  5, 12:53pm)
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It also made some high visibility press:

http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,28397,00.html?st.ne.ni.lh



On Nov 5, 12:53pm, Ariel Faigon wrote:
> Subject: Halloween doc II
> Hi,
>
> A second "what is Linux and how to combat it" document
> just came out the Microsoft leak factory:
>
>         http://www.opensource.org/halloween2.html








-- 
David Watters         |                 Silicon*Graphics 
Systems Engineer      |                http://www.sgi.com/ 
Silicon Graphics, Inc.|    http://reality.sgi.com/davester/  (6/13/97) 
david.watters@sgi.com |  1.800.800.SGI1 (Sales) 1.800.800.4SGI (Support) 
DID 1.614.844.3820    |   http://www.nintendo.com/ (N64, the $130 SGI!) 

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov  5 13:35:26 1998
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From: ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
Message-Id: <199811052134.NAA55597@oz.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Re: Halloween doc II
To: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 13:34:51 -0800 (PST)
Cc: ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
In-Reply-To: <m0zbXjg-0007U8C@the-village.bc.nu> from "Alan Cox" at Nov 5, 98 10:18:34 pm
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:
:> 	1) Automounting a floppy/CD when it is inserted
:> 	   (BTW: IRIX mediad has been doing this for quite a while)
:
:Yeah we looked at it, and decided it sucked somewhat. Stephen Tweedie
:has a slightly different scheme where you can even be sat in a directory
:on a changable volume when itchanges and all is fine - its called
:supermount
:
As I said, easy to implement -- difficult to get this as standard
into mainstream distributions.  Maybe this is where Red Hat / Caldera
SuSE etc. need to cooperate and just make things happen. Just focus
on those that are the biggest barrier of entry for the Microsoft-versed
masses.  If we do it, we can make great inroads into the desktop as well.
Oh yeah, and of course, now that Corel is funding WINE, we may even get
all the MS apps too.


:
:> 	5) Of course, a coherent consistent GUI to manage everything
:> 	   from HW devices to access to files etc.  Those who need
:> 	   the simplicity, will never be willing to do command line
:> 	   stuff.
:
:Have a look at linuxconf, it works, it does the job. The gui just needs a 
:major rethink
:
My thought exactly.   It is the GUI what makes the non technical
average user run away.  Hacker don't care enough about GUI's.


:> 	6) Development tools like VB/VC++ :-)
:
:Cygnus GNUPro ;)
:
Good point.  People who can afford paying a few hundred dollars
for Visual C++ can afford Cygnus GNUPro.   Not everything should
be free as long as there's someone that got it right and it is
available on Linux.   I'm glad this reality is not even on MS's
radar they just compare "bare" Linux to a fully loaded (with
many additional $$$ NT client).


:> Someone forward this to Red Hat / Gnome and the XFree86 teams ...
:
:We've all seen it. 
:
How naive of me to even hint otherwise :-)

-- 
Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov  5 13:23:47 1998
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From: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
Subject: Re: Halloween doc II
To: ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 22:18:34 +0000 (GMT)
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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> 	1) Automounting a floppy/CD when it is inserted
> 	   (BTW: IRIX mediad has been doing this for quite a while)

Yeah we looked at it, and decided it sucked somewhat. Stephen Tweedie
has a slightly different scheme where you can even be sat in a directory
on a changable volume when itchanges and all is fine - its called
supermount

> 	2) Simpler installation: e.g. rather than asking 30
> 	   questions, provide a menu like:
> 		1) Express install: don't ask me anything,
> 		   just go ahead and fill my disk.
> 		2) Pick and chose: let me select
> 		...

Thats occured a lot

> 	3) XFree86 installation: don't ask me what chipset I have
> 	   and what's the scan rates etc.  Instead have an internal
> 	   mapping table between well known brand names (e.g. ATI Mach64)
> 	   and the details of the card.  People usually know the latter
> 	   (what's written on the box, but rarely the former)

Current installers from RH and I think SuSE ask no questions for PCI
installs barring optional monitor abiklity ones 

> 	4) Simpler Network config:  DHCP client installed by default
> 	   Again saving complex questions to the simple user

Yep

> 	5) Of course, a coherent consistent GUI to manage everything
> 	   from HW devices to access to files etc.  Those who need
> 	   the simplicity, will never be willing to do command line
> 	   stuff.

Have a look at linuxconf, it works, it does the job. The gui just needs a 
major rethink

> 	6) Development tools like VB/VC++ :-)

Cygnus GNUPro ;)

> Someone forward this to Red Hat / Gnome and the XFree86 teams ...

We've all seen it. 

Alan


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From: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
Subject: Re: Halloween doc II
To: ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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> :We've all seen it. 
> :
> How naive of me to even hint otherwise :-)

Grin


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov  5 16:08:02 1998
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Subject: Re: Halloween doc II
X-Mexico: Este es un pais de orates, un pais amateur.
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> Someone forward this to Red Hat / Gnome and the XFree86 teams ...

I can :-)

It also mentions GNOME, which made me extremely happy :-)

Miguel.

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X-Quote: If at first you don't succeed, redefine success.
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> > 	6) Development tools like VB/VC++ :-)
> 
> Cygnus GNUPro ;)

Yeah, but it is still not licensed under the GPL or an OpenSource
license (at least not all of it)

miguel.

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov  5 18:04:53 1998
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Forget VC++.  Borlands integrated debugger and compiler are the only way
to go!

David M.
First time to post to this list.  Do I get a tootsie roll?


Ariel Faigon wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> A second "what is Linux and how to combat it" document
> just came out the Microsoft leak factory:
> 
>         http://www.opensource.org/halloween2.html
> 
> It is a followup doc to the infamous "Halloween Doc"
> (now renamed "Halloween I").   It was leaked by an MS
> employee as a reaction to the recent publicity for
> Halloween-I.  It adds the threat of Linux as a client
> and gives a very positive evaluation of Linux (coming
> from within MS, this is telling).
> 
> It concludes again, with the sinister suggestions to
> "de-commoditize" open protocols, plus (surprise) ways
> to attack Linux via litigation (if you can't beat them
> on merit, there are always the nukes, Bill).
> 
>                 ---
> There's specific interest to this community: David Miller
> and Miguel de Icaza are both mentioned and their SPARC
> comparison docs are linked from this document.  No doubt,
> the MS guys did a great research job.
> 
> There's a lot the Linux community learn from this document.
> Just read the "what's missing in Linux compared to NT"
> part and make sure it is implemented. It doesn't appear
> too hard.  Some points which are definitely geared towards
> the non sophisticated users include:
> 
>         1) Automounting a floppy/CD when it is inserted
>            (BTW: IRIX mediad has been doing this for quite a while)
> 
>         2) Simpler installation: e.g. rather than asking 30
>            questions, provide a menu like:
>                 1) Express install: don't ask me anything,
>                    just go ahead and fill my disk.
>                 2) Pick and chose: let me select
>                 ...
> 
>         3) XFree86 installation: don't ask me what chipset I have
>            and what's the scan rates etc.  Instead have an internal
>            mapping table between well known brand names (e.g. ATI Mach64)
>            and the details of the card.  People usually know the latter
>            (what's written on the box, but rarely the former)
> 
>         4) Simpler Network config:  DHCP client installed by default
>            Again saving complex questions to the simple user
> 
>         5) Of course, a coherent consistent GUI to manage everything
>            from HW devices to access to files etc.  Those who need
>            the simplicity, will never be willing to do command line
>            stuff.
> 
>         6) Development tools like VB/VC++ :-)
> 
> Someone forward this to Red Hat / Gnome and the XFree86 teams ...
> 
> --
> Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov  6 00:51:10 1998
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Ariel Faigon wrote:
>         6) Development tools like VB/VC++ :-)

A few things could fill that gap (with which I'm experimenting a lot
right now). An upcoming promise is gIDE, which could well fill the role
of a project manager. Interface Design a-la VB can be very well done
with the FLTK toolkit (http://fltk.easysw.com/) which, in my humble
opinion of an application programmer, is the best thing to hit the world
since the invention of the bread-slicing knife.

There's also the JX/JCC (Code Crusader) combination, which unfortunately
is such a pita to compile that I refuse to take it seriously :-)

Pim

---
<This could've been your signature>

pim@webcity.nl, xL@undernet.org
Unix Developer for WebCity / Microhill Automation
Operator for the SaltLake.UT.US.Undernet.Org IRC-Server

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov  6 01:37:44 1998
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Date: Fri, 06 Nov 1998 10:39:48 +0100
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Inprise does not seem too much of a compiler company anymore.

CodeWarrior seems to be the way to go.



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov  6 02:44:51 1998
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From: 4819 <rmk@shell.mdc.net>
To: Pim van Riezen <pim@webcity.nl>
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Subject: Re: Halloween doc II
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has anyone about ever tried scriptum? it's a pretty nice ide, at least i
think so. it can be adapted to support any language, has a nice class
browser, support cvs, support editing of files on remote hosts via ftp,
etc.
it was recently made opensource, perhaps some features can be borrowed
from it, for use in gIDE. 

url is http://www.scriptum.org/

rob

On Fri, 6 Nov 1998, Pim van Riezen wrote:

> Ariel Faigon wrote:
> >         6) Development tools like VB/VC++ :-)
> 
> A few things could fill that gap (with which I'm experimenting a lot
> right now). An upcoming promise is gIDE, which could well fill the role
> of a project manager. Interface Design a-la VB can be very well done
> with the FLTK toolkit (http://fltk.easysw.com/) which, in my humble
> opinion of an application programmer, is the best thing to hit the world
> since the invention of the bread-slicing knife.
> 
> There's also the JX/JCC (Code Crusader) combination, which unfortunately
> is such a pita to compile that I refuse to take it seriously :-)
> 
> Pim
> 
> ---
> <This could've been your signature>
> 
> pim@webcity.nl, xL@undernet.org
> Unix Developer for WebCity / Microhill Automation
> Operator for the SaltLake.UT.US.Undernet.Org IRC-Server
> 


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov  6 04:38:52 1998
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At 05:39 AM 11/6/98 -0500, 4819 wrote:

>url is http://www.scriptum.org/

Whoa! Software from the _other_ cult!



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What are Inprise and CodeWarrior, please?

David M.


Fernando D. Mato Mira wrote:
> 
> Inprise does not seem too much of a compiler company anymore.
> 
> CodeWarrior seems to be the way to go.

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov  6 06:12:10 1998
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Date: Fri, 06 Nov 1998 15:13:26 +0100
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From: "Fernando D. Mato Mira" <matomira@acm.org>
Subject: Re: Borland (was: unproductive Haloween thread)
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At 07:59 AM 11/6/98 -0600, you wrote:
>What are Inprise and CodeWarrior, please?

Inprise == Borland

CodeWarrior: http://www.metrowerks.com/



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov  6 06:54:25 1998
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Date: Fri, 06 Nov 1998 15:56:05 +0100
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
From: "Fernando D. Mato Mira" <matomira@acm.org>
Subject: Re: Borland (was: unproductive Haloween thread)
In-Reply-To: <m0zbnrR-0007U8C@the-village.bc.nu>
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>Can someone tell me what this has to do with Linux/SGI ?

Ah. So I was not that wrong about prematurely labeling it `unproductive'

Anyway, my point is that CodeWarrior might be the best option if you're
developing in C++ for Linux(x86/ppc) [&& Doze] [&& Mac] [&& embedded]

Fernando D. Mato Mira                                                        
Real-Time SW Engineering & Networking
Advanced Systems Engineering Division                                                               
CSEM - Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique 
Jaquet-Droz 1                                                                    Email:   matomira@acm.org
CH-2007 Neuchatel                                                            Phone:    +41 (32) 720-5152
Switzerland                                                                       FAX:        +41 (32) 720-5720

http://www.csem.ch/         http://www.vrai.com/          http://ligwww.epfl.ch/matomira.html


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From: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
Subject: Re: Borland (was: unproductive Haloween thread)
To: matomira@acm.org (Fernando D. Mato Mira)
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 15:31:40 +0000 (GMT)
Cc: dmerchan@hiwaay.net, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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> At 07:59 AM 11/6/98 -0600, you wrote:
> >What are Inprise and CodeWarrior, please?
> 
> Inprise == Borland
> 
> CodeWarrior: http://www.metrowerks.com/
> 

Can someone tell me what this has to do with Linux/SGI ?


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Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 21:24:24 +0100
From: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To: linux-mips@fnet.fr, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: GDB
References: <19981105023015.K359@uni-koblenz.de>
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On Thu, Nov 05, 1998 at 02:30:15AM +0100, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> I found that by accident GDB and the kernel were using different
> ptrace(2) interfaces.  After fixing that for example ``info registers''
> works ok.

how about sharing your fix with us ? 

Thomas.

-- 
   This device has completely bogus header. Compaq scores again :-|
It's a host bridge, but it should be called ghost bridge instead ;^)
                                        [Martin `MJ' Mares on linux-kernel]

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From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: Updated patch for binutils 2.9.1.0.4
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--3MwIy2ne0vdjdPXF
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

Hi,

here is an updated patch for binutils 2.9.1.0.4.  If you want to successfully
recompile glibc 2.0.99 you'll need this patch.  This bug is probably in ld
as long as it exists.  For a more detailed explanation of the bug see the
comment in ld/ldlang.c.  The bugs mentioned in my previous posting are all
still unfixed.

  Ralf

--3MwIy2ne0vdjdPXF
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="binutils-2.9.1.0.4.diff"

diff -urN binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/bfd/elf32-mips.c binutils-2.9.1.0.4/bfd/elf32-mips.c
--- binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/bfd/elf32-mips.c	Wed Apr  1 04:40:03 1998
+++ binutils-2.9.1.0.4/bfd/elf32-mips.c	Sat Nov  7 15:58:21 1998
@@ -5113,36 +5113,43 @@
 		    }
 		  else
 		    {
-		      long indx;
-
-		      if (h == NULL)
-			sec = local_sections[r_symndx];
-		      else
-			{
-			  BFD_ASSERT (h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
-				      || (h->root.type
-					  == bfd_link_hash_defweak));
-			  sec = h->root.u.def.section;
-			}
-		      if (sec != NULL && bfd_is_abs_section (sec))
-			indx = 0;
-		      else if (sec == NULL || sec->owner == NULL)
+		      if (r_type == R_MIPS_32)
 			{
-			  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
-			  return false;
+			  outrel.r_info = ELF32_R_INFO (0, R_MIPS_REL32);
+			  addend += relocation;
 			}
-		      else
-			{
-			  asection *osec;
+		       else
+                        {
+		          long indx;
 
-			  osec = sec->output_section;
-			  indx = elf_section_data (osec)->dynindx;
-			  if (indx == 0)
-			    abort ();
-			}
+		          if (h == NULL)
+			    sec = local_sections[r_symndx];
+		          else
+			    {
+			      BFD_ASSERT (h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
+				          || (h->root.type
+					      == bfd_link_hash_defweak));
+			      sec = h->root.u.def.section;
+			    }
+		          if (sec != NULL && bfd_is_abs_section (sec))
+			    indx = 0;
+		          else if (sec == NULL || sec->owner == NULL)
+			    {
+			      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
+			      return false;
+			    }
+		          else
+			    {
+			      asection *osec;
 
-		      outrel.r_info = ELF32_R_INFO (indx, R_MIPS_REL32);
-		      addend += relocation;
+			      osec = sec->output_section;
+			      indx = elf_section_data (osec)->dynindx;
+			      if (indx == 0)
+			        abort ();
+			    }
+		          outrel.r_info = ELF32_R_INFO (indx, R_MIPS_REL32);
+		          addend += relocation;
+		        }
 		    }
 
 		  if (! skip)
diff -urN binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/gas/ChangeLog binutils-2.9.1.0.4/gas/ChangeLog
--- binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/gas/ChangeLog	Mon Apr 27 23:22:47 1998
+++ binutils-2.9.1.0.4/gas/ChangeLog	Sat Nov  7 12:56:25 1998
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+Thu Nov  4 03:23:59 1998  Ralf Baechle  <ralf@gnu.org>
+
+	* config/tc-mips.c (macro): Only emit a BFD_RELOC_MIPS_LITERAL
+	when the symbol is in the .lit section.  Required for a.out
+	support.
+	(mips_ip): Fix %HI, %hi and %lo operators.
+
 Mon Apr 27 13:45:04 1998  Ian Lance Taylor  <ian@cygnus.com>
 
 	* configure.in: Set version number to 2.9.1.
diff -urN binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/gas/config/tc-mips.c binutils-2.9.1.0.4/gas/config/tc-mips.c
--- binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/gas/config/tc-mips.c	Wed Mar 25 19:16:01 1998
+++ binutils-2.9.1.0.4/gas/config/tc-mips.c	Sat Nov  7 12:56:25 1998
@@ -5068,13 +5068,22 @@
       else
 	{
 	  assert (offset_expr.X_op == O_symbol
-		  && strcmp (segment_name (S_GET_SEGMENT
-					   (offset_expr.X_add_symbol)),
-			     ".lit4") == 0
 		  && offset_expr.X_add_number == 0);
-	  macro_build ((char *) NULL, &icnt, &offset_expr, "lwc1", "T,o(b)",
-		       treg, (int) BFD_RELOC_MIPS_LITERAL, GP);
-	  return;
+	  s = segment_name (S_GET_SEGMENT (offset_expr.X_add_symbol));
+	  if (strcmp (s, ".lit4") == 0)
+	    {
+	      macro_build ((char *) NULL, &icnt, &offset_expr, "lwc1", "T,o(b)",
+			   treg, (int) BFD_RELOC_MIPS_LITERAL, GP);
+	      return;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* FIXME: This won't work for a 64 bit address.  */
+	      macro_build_lui ((char *) NULL, &icnt, &offset_expr, AT);
+	      macro_build ((char *) NULL, &icnt, &offset_expr, "lwc1", "T,o(b)",
+			   treg, (int) BFD_RELOC_LO16, AT);
+	      return;
+	    }
 	}
 
     case M_LI_D:
@@ -7553,11 +7562,23 @@
 	      c = my_getSmallExpression (&imm_expr, s);
 	      if (c != '\0')
 		{
-		  if (c != 'l')
+		  if (c == 'l')
 		    {
 		      if (imm_expr.X_op == O_constant)
-			imm_expr.X_add_number =
-			  (imm_expr.X_add_number >> 16) & 0xffff;
+			{
+			  imm_expr.X_add_number &= 0xffff;
+			  imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_LO16;
+			}
+		    }
+		  else
+		    {
+		      if (imm_expr.X_op == O_constant)
+			{
+			  if (c == 'h' && (imm_expr.X_add_number & 0x8000))
+			    imm_expr.X_add_number += 0x1000;
+			  imm_expr.X_add_number =
+			    (imm_expr.X_add_number >> 16) & 0xffff;
+			}
 		      else if (c == 'h')
 			{
 			  imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_HI16_S;
@@ -7652,11 +7673,22 @@
 		break;
 
 	      offset_reloc = BFD_RELOC_LO16;
-	      if (c == 'h' || c == 'H')
+	      if (c)
 		{
-		  assert (offset_expr.X_op == O_constant);
-		  offset_expr.X_add_number =
-		    (offset_expr.X_add_number >> 16) & 0xffff;
+		  if (c != 'l')
+		    {
+		      if (offset_expr.X_op == O_constant)
+			{
+			  if (c == 'h' && (offset_expr.X_add_number & 0x8000))
+			    offset_expr.X_add_number += 0x1000;
+			  offset_expr.X_add_number =
+			    (offset_expr.X_add_number >> 16) & 0xffff;
+			}
+		      else if (c == 'h')
+			offset_reloc = BFD_RELOC_HI16_S;
+		      else
+			offset_reloc = BFD_RELOC_HI16;
+		    }
 		}
 	      s = expr_end;
 	      continue;
@@ -7669,10 +7701,13 @@
 
 	    case 'u':		/* upper 16 bits */
 	      c = my_getSmallExpression (&imm_expr, s);
-	      if (imm_expr.X_op == O_constant
-		  && (imm_expr.X_add_number < 0
-		      || imm_expr.X_add_number >= 0x10000))
-		as_bad ("lui expression not in range 0..65535");
+	      if (!c)
+		{
+		  if (imm_expr.X_op == O_constant
+		      && (imm_expr.X_add_number < 0
+			  || imm_expr.X_add_number >= 0x10000))
+		    as_bad ("lui expression not in range 0..65535");
+		}
 	      imm_reloc = BFD_RELOC_LO16;
 	      if (c)
 		{
diff -urN binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/ld/ldlang.c binutils-2.9.1.0.4/ld/ldlang.c
--- binutils-2.9.1.0.4.orig/ld/ldlang.c	Wed Apr  1 04:40:12 1998
+++ binutils-2.9.1.0.4/ld/ldlang.c	Sat Nov  7 20:15:03 1998
@@ -2353,6 +2353,24 @@
       {
 	asection *i;
 
+	/* MIPS specific hack.  The .reginfo section on MIPS is special in
+	   that it's not being produced by concatenting the input sections.
+	   The size is always constant.  Here we check if an output
+	   .reginfo section has already been created.  If so, we skip the
+	   rest of the sizing process the output .reginfo section as all
+	   section fields which need to be set have already reached their
+	   final values.  We can't do this in the backend since by the time
+	   when the backend gets involved the vmas etc. have already been
+	   computed based on the assumption of concatenating all section.
+	   In case of a large number of files to be linked this may result
+	   in a third PT_LOAD header being created which will crash the
+	   linking process since we don't have header space for it.  */
+	if (output_section_statement->bfd_section->name
+	    && strcmp(".reginfo",
+		      output_section_statement->bfd_section->name) == 0
+	    && output_section_statement->bfd_section->_raw_size)
+	  break;
+
 	i = (*prev)->input_section.section;
 	if (! relax)
 	  {

--3MwIy2ne0vdjdPXF--

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Message-ID: <19981108043052.B1275@uni-koblenz.de>
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 1998 04:30:52 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Richard Masoner <richardm@bif.cd.com>,
        Bob Mende Pie <mende@piecomputer.engr.sgi.com>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Challenge S question
References: <199811050041.QAA02949@piecomputer.engr.sgi.com> <199811051627.KAA07758@bif.cd.com>
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On Thu, Nov 05, 1998 at 10:27:22AM -0600, Richard Masoner wrote:

> And Bob answered:
> 
> > It should.
> 
> The two Challenge S's I've had, and the one I currently have, do
> not have keyboard and mouse ports.
> 
> Refer to page 3-32 of the SGI Hardware Developer Handbook R2.0 for a
> diagram of what the Challenge S has.

Modern world, there things that exist but not officially.  I was asking
because I had a Challenge S report in my private email that would only
make sense if the machine still has the keyboard controller.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sun Nov  8 17:07:50 1998
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Date: Sun, 8 Nov 1998 04:38:02 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Miguel de Icaza <miguel@nuclecu.unam.mx>, ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Halloween doc II
References: <199811052053.MAA55262@oz.engr.sgi.com> <199811060013.SAA11760@metropolis.nuclecu.unam.mx>
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On Thu, Nov 05, 1998 at 06:13:10PM -0600, Miguel de Icaza wrote:

> > Someone forward this to Red Hat / Gnome and the XFree86 teams ...
> 
> I can :-)
> 
> It also mentions GNOME, which made me extremely happy :-)
> 
> Miguel.

Miguel Gates ;-)

  Ralf

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Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 00:50:44 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: Re: GDB
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--/04w6evG8XlLl3ft
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On Fri, Nov 06, 1998 at 09:24:24PM +0100, Thomas Bogendoerfer wrote:

> On Thu, Nov 05, 1998 at 02:30:15AM +0100, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> > I found that by accident GDB and the kernel were using different
> > ptrace(2) interfaces.  After fixing that for example ``info registers''
> > works ok.
> 
> how about sharing your fix with us ? 

Guess too much decaf when I wrote that mail ...  Attached the fixed
version of mipslinux-nat.c.  I've copied all the (corrected!) definitions
of the kernel interfaces into mipslinux-nat.c, therefore no more headerfile
problems even with old kernel headers installed.

  Ralf

--/04w6evG8XlLl3ft
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="mipslinux-nat.c"

/* Low level MIPS/Linux interface, for GDB when running native.
   Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu) at
   Rutgers University CAIP Research Center.

This file is part of GDB.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

#include "defs.h"
#include "inferior.h"
#include "gdbcore.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "gdb_string.h"
#include "symtab.h"
#include "bfd.h"
#include "symfile.h"
#include "objfiles.h"
#include "command.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "gnu-regex.h"
#include "inferior.h"
#include "language.h"
#include "gdbcmd.h"
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/user.h>

#include <setjmp.h>   /* For JB_PC and friends. */

/* This duplicates definitions from <asm/elfcore.h> ...  */

/* ELF register definitions */
#define ELF_NGREG       45
#define ELF_NFPREG      33

typedef unsigned long gregset_t [ELF_NGREG];
typedef double fpregset_t [ELF_NFPREG];

/* This duplicates definitions from <asm/elf.h> ...  */

/* 0 - 31 are integer registers, 32 - 63 are fp registers.  */
#define FPR_BASE	32
#define PC		64
#define CAUSE		65
#define BADVADDR	66
#define MMHI		67
#define MMLO		68
#define FPC_CSR		69
#define FPC_EIR		70

/* End of duplicated definitions  */

/* Size of elements in jmpbuf */

#define JB_ELEMENT_SIZE 4

/* Figure out where the longjmp will land.
   We expect the first arg to be a pointer to the jmp_buf structure from which
   we extract the pc (JB_PC) that we will land at.  The pc is copied into PC.
   This routine returns true on success. */

int
get_longjmp_target(pc)
     CORE_ADDR *pc;
{
  CORE_ADDR jb_addr;
  char buf[TARGET_PTR_BIT / TARGET_CHAR_BIT];

  jb_addr = read_register (A0_REGNUM);

  if (target_read_memory (jb_addr + JB_PC * JB_ELEMENT_SIZE, buf,
			  TARGET_PTR_BIT / TARGET_CHAR_BIT))
    return 0;

  *pc = extract_address (buf, TARGET_PTR_BIT / TARGET_CHAR_BIT);

  return 1;
}

/*
 * See the comment in m68k-tdep.c regarding the utility of these functions.
 *
 * These definitions are from the MIPS SVR4 ABI, so they may work for
 * any MIPS SVR4 target.
 */

void 
supply_gregset (gregsetp)
     gregset_t *gregsetp;
{
  register int regi;
  register unsigned int *regp = (unsigned int *) &(*gregsetp)[0];
  static char zerobuf[MAX_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE] = {0};

  for (regi = EF_REG0; regi <= EF_LO; regi++)
    supply_register ((regi - EF_REG0), (char *)(regp + regi));

  supply_register(PC_REGNUM, (char *)(regp + EF_CP0_EPC));
  supply_register(CAUSE_REGNUM, (char *)(regp + EF_CP0_CAUSE));
  supply_register(BADVADDR_REGNUM, (char *)(regp + EF_CP0_BADVADDR));
  supply_register(LO_REGNUM, (char *)(regp + EF_LO));
  supply_register(HI_REGNUM, (char *)(regp + EF_HI));

  /* Fill inaccessible registers with zero.  */
  supply_register (FP_REGNUM, zerobuf);
  supply_register (UNUSED_REGNUM, zerobuf);
}

void
fill_gregset (gregsetp, regno)
     gregset_t *gregsetp;
     int regno;
{
  int regi;
  register unsigned int *regp = (unsigned int *) &(*gregsetp)[0];

  for (regi = 0; regi <= (EF_SIZE / 4); regi++)
    if ((regno == -1) || (regno == regi))
      *(regp + regi) = *(unsigned int *) &registers[REGISTER_BYTE (regi)];
}

/* Now we do the same thing for floating-point registers.
 * We don't bother to condition on FP0_REGNUM since any
 * reasonable MIPS configuration has an R3010 in it.
 *
 * Again, see the comments in m68k-tdep.c.
 */

void
supply_fpregset (fpregsetp)
     fpregset_t *fpregsetp;
{
  register int regi;
  static char zerobuf[MAX_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE] = {0};

  for (regi = 0; regi < 32; regi++)
    supply_register (FP0_REGNUM + regi,
		     (char *)&fpregsetp[regi]);

  supply_register (FCRCS_REGNUM, (char *)&fpregsetp[32]);

  /* FIXME: how can we supply FCRIR_REGNUM?  The ABI doesn't tell us. */
  supply_register (FCRIR_REGNUM, zerobuf);
}

void
fill_fpregset (fpregsetp, regno)
     fpregset_t *fpregsetp;
     int regno;
{
  int regi;
  char *from, *to;

  for (regi = FP0_REGNUM; regi < FP0_REGNUM + 32; regi++)
    {
      if ((regno == -1) || (regno == regi))
	{
	  from = (char *) &registers[REGISTER_BYTE (regi)];
	  to = (char *) &(fpregsetp[regi - FP0_REGNUM]);
	  memcpy(to, from, REGISTER_RAW_SIZE (regi));
	}
    }

#if 0
  if ((regno == -1) || (regno == FCRCS_REGNUM))
    fpregsetp[32] = *(unsigned int *) &registers[REGISTER_BYTE(FCRCS_REGNUM)];
#endif
}

/* Map gdb internal register number to ptrace ``address''.
   These ``addresses'' are defined in <mips/ptrace.h> */

#define REGISTER_PTRACE_ADDR(regno) \
   (regno < 32 ? 		regno   \
  : regno == PC_REGNUM ?	PC	\
  : regno == CAUSE_REGNUM ?	CAUSE	\
  : regno == HI_REGNUM ?	MMHI	\
  : regno == LO_REGNUM ?	MMLO	\
  : regno == FCRCS_REGNUM ?	FPC_CSR	\
  : regno == FCRIR_REGNUM ?	FPC_EIR	\
  : regno >= FP0_REGNUM ?	FPR_BASE + (regno - FP0_REGNUM) \
  : 0)

/* Return the ptrace ``address'' of register REGNO. */

CORE_ADDR
register_addr (regno, blockend)
     int regno;
     CORE_ADDR blockend;
{
  if(regno < 0 || regno >= NUM_REGS)
    error ("Bogon register number %d.", regno);

  return REGISTER_PTRACE_ADDR (regno);
}

--/04w6evG8XlLl3ft--

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Nov 10 19:23:25 1998
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Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 14:03:41 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: Binutils 2.9.x
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I've been asked if I recommend an upgrade to binutils 2.9.x when I recently
posted patches.  No, at this time I even disrecommend an upgrade since
binutils 2.9.1.0.4 have been the most buggy binutils version I touched since
a long, long time.  Rebuilding glibc 2.0.99 triggers more than 3000 lines
warning messages for failed assertions in elf32-mips.c, I get core dumps and
all sorts of sick effects.

I touched them though for two reasons.  First of all, in the interest of
getting an Linux distribution working for us with as little changes as
possible we should go with whatever the Linux distributor uses.  In case
of Redhat 5.1 this is binutils 2.9.1.0.4.  Second I've started to work a bit
on glibc 2.0.99.  In order to get symbol versioning working we need at
least binutils 2.9.1.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Nov  9 10:26:09 1998
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Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 13:27:39 -0500 (EST)
From: Cory Patterson <pattejam@webadept.com>
To: linux@morgaine.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Mouse Support.
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It there currently mouse support for the Indy's running Hard Hat,  I have
read through the
archive mailing list and i couldn't find a resoluton for this, if there
even is one.  Thanks in advance

----------------------------------
Cory Patterson
   pattejam@webadept.com



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Nov  9 11:26:03 1998
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Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 14:27:34 -0500 (EST)
From: Cory Patterson <pattejam@webadept.com>
To: 4819 <rmk@shell.mdc.net>
cc: linux@morgaine.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Mouse Support.
In-Reply-To: <Pine.BSI.3.96.981109140907.12651A-100000@shell.mdc.net>
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Tried that...

[pattejam@ike /dev]$ ls -al mouse
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           10 Nov  6 15:06 mouse -> /dev/psaux

when i retart gpm, I get:

[pattejam@ike /dev]$ sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/gpm start
Starting gpm mouse services: gpm gpm: /dev/mouse: Operation not supported
by device

here is a copy of my /etc/sysconfig/mouse file:

MOUSETYPE="ps/2"
XEMU3=yes


----------------------------------
Cory Patterson
   pattejam@webadept.com


On Mon, 9 Nov 1998, 4819 wrote:

> the regular PSAUX mouse support should work fine. works on my indy, no
> problem. it's a ps/2 mouse, it just looks funky. :-)
> 
> rob
> 


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 11 15:39:16 1998
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Date: Thu, 12 Nov 1998 00:31:03 +0100
From: ralf@uni-koblenz.de
To: Philip Blundell <pb@nexus.co.uk>, linux-mips@fnet.fr
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
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On Wed, Nov 11, 1998 at 09:57:09AM +0100, Philip Blundell wrote:

> Does this happen even without versioning?  My experience with the ARM was that 
> when we tried to start using symbol versioning it showed up various problems 
> in our ELF backend (basically various invalid assumptions).  All were easy to 
> fix but gave symptoms like yours initially.

It's several bugs all in one.  First of all somebody broke the special
handling for the .reginfo sections.  We actually only have them to satisfy
the ABI, otherwise they're toxic waste since nothing uses them.  Then we
have the missing support for symbol versioning.  All the assert messages
I examined were caused by the dynindx field of symbol hash being set to -1
in order to force them to local symbols.  Finally we have a other bugs
which account for the core dumps.  So far I only have the .reginfo thing
fixed and since my knowledge about BFD internals has mostly decayed of the
long time getting the symbol versioning bugs right has proven to be quite
some work.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Nov 23 12:39:50 1998
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Help.

Here is what I have:
Indy: R4k indy w/ a 1GB and a 500MB disk. I have an external 9GB from my
other system that I am temorarily (I hope) using to boot IRIX on my Linux
Indy.

Software:
Linux-installer-0.2.tar
root-be-0.04.cpio
SRPMS
vmlinux-indy-2.1.99.tar.gz
instructions

I read the instructions. The one with all of the tftp and nfs setup. Is
this for after I boot Linux, so I can install the rest of the software?
BTW I tested this by booting miniroot from my other Indy.

I also read the INSTALL instructions. I was able to successfully: ./mke2fs
drive, ./installer drive,  cjwsh> MAKEDEV, cpio root-be-0.04.cpio, and
./e2fsck -fy drive. Finally I did the, gzip -dc vmlinux.gz > /vmlinux. All
of this went OK.

It's the "boot vmlinux root=/dev/sda0" that makes the indy panic! Do I do
this from PROM or sash? I don't think that I can read the efs filesystem
without sash. Is there a better way to determine what device my e2fs root
filesystem is at?

Tell me if I'm getting this proceedure right.

1)Boot vmlinux kernel and mount e2fs filesystem as /.
2)Use tftp to install the stuff that I downloaded in the SRPMS directory.
3)Somehow I will end up with a system that can boot without having IRIX on
a local disk.

BTW is there anyway to mount this e2fs filesystem from with IRIX?

Thanks for any and all input. Flame me if you must.
Chad




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Nov 24 04:22:02 1998
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First my apologies for asking questions you all know the answer to:
What kind of SGI-machines does Linux currently work on?
In what areas does IRIX6.5 have a significant edge over Linux
performancewise?

We really want to put Linux on _everything_ we've got, from PI's to
O2000 (we might also keep a PowerSeries380 for fun), as well as on suns
and pcs. It would make everything a lot simpler to administrate, plus if
we're not happy we can try to hack something.

If necessary for performance, we can keep IRIX on the numbercrunchers,
and, if that's not a performance problem, use gcc/egcs and glibc. Same
questions for these contra Irix Development Kit as above.

I have my employer's blessing to put time into porting and/or
development of Linux/gcc/glibc for SGI-machines if someone just points
me in the right direction.
I have solid programming experience, I have dabbled a bit in sysadmin
and am a quick learner (I have at times written useful code in unknown
languages from examples), but haven't been this deep in before.

--
/Torbjörn

This message is a personal message from Torbjörn Gannholm
and does not necessarily represent the opinion of my employer.




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Tue Nov 24 12:34:34 1998
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From: ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
Message-Id: <199811242033.MAA31902@oz.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Re: help offered
To: torbjorn.gannholm@fra.se (Torbjörn Gannholm)
Date: Tue, 24 Nov 1998 12:33:45 -0800 (PST)
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
In-Reply-To: <365AA647.62A5565D@fra.se> from "Torbjörn Gannholm" at Nov 24, 98 01:27:53 pm
Reply-To: ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
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:
:First my apologies for asking questions you all know the answer to:
:What kind of SGI-machines does Linux currently work on?
:
Only Indys.


:In what areas does IRIX6.5 have a significant edge over Linux
:performancewise?
:
	- Scalability: up to 256 CPUs
	- Guaranteed Real Time response (kernel is preemptible
	  i.e. you can have multiple system calls executing in server
	  space simultaneously.
	- A real journalling filesystem (XFS). Reboot doesn't
	  require a lenghty 'fsck'.  Even if you have a terabyte
	  filesystem the filesystem check takes one second or so.
	- Bandwidth (I/O networking) e.g. 4 GB/sec write to
	  RAID disks.

Linux has a clear edge is latency (as opposed to bandwidth)
short system call paths, simplicity and a general speed advantage
almost accros the board on machines with a single CPU, small disks,
small files etc.

Note that Linux doesn't even support big files (more than 4 GB)
on x86, while IRIX supports many terabyte files.


:We really want to put Linux on _everything_ we've got, from PI's to
:O2000 (we might also keep a PowerSeries380 for fun), as well as on suns
:and pcs. It would make everything a lot simpler to administrate, plus if
:we're not happy we can try to hack something.
:
Me too. This is not easy to do.  It is a big work.

:If necessary for performance, we can keep IRIX on the numbercrunchers,
:and, if that's not a performance problem, use gcc/egcs and glibc. Same
:questions for these contra Irix Development Kit as above.
:
:I have my employer's blessing to put time into porting and/or
:development of Linux/gcc/glibc for SGI-machines if someone just points
:me in the right direction.
:I have solid programming experience, I have dabbled a bit in sysadmin
:and am a quick learner (I have at times written useful code in unknown
:languages from examples), but haven't been this deep in before.
:
If you could make 'glibc' run on IRIX and send me the details
of what you did (and patches to the maintainers) that would be
a great great thing.  It will make most freeware programs more
portable between IRIX and Linux.

-- 
Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 11:52:10 1998
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On Tue, Nov 24, 1998 at 12:33:45PM -0800, Ariel Faigon wrote:
> 	- Scalability: up to 256 CPUs

I can tell than an O2K with 64 CPUS works quite well when the hardware
isn't failing, but the hardware is often failing...


> 	- Guaranteed Real Time response (kernel is preemptible
> 	  i.e. you can have multiple system calls executing in server
> 	  space simultaneously.

Linux 2.1.* is very preemtible, even if there are  stil some things to
do.


> 	- A real journalling filesystem (XFS). Reboot doesn't
> 	  require a lenghty 'fsck'.  Even if you have a terabyte
> 	  filesystem the filesystem check takes one second or so.

xfs is _very_ good.


> 	- Bandwidth (I/O networking) e.g. 4 GB/sec write to
> 	  RAID disks.

Interesting.  Our "local" SGI vendor  (i.e. the one for France),  told
us that 1GB/sec write  speed was too much  and he could only guarantee
800MB/sec for our 1TB raid array.


> Note that Linux doesn't even support big files (more than 4 GB)
> on x86, while IRIX supports many terabyte files.

The  limit on  x86 is  2GB.   To  be  fair,  said  terabyte  files and
filesystems  are  connected  to systems   with  a 64bits architecture.
Afaik, linux on alpha handles terabytes files.

  OG.

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 11:58:20 1998
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From: jes@machine.engr.sgi.com (John E. Schimmel)
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Subject: Re: help offered
To: galibert@pobox.com (Olivier Galibert)
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 1998 11:57:10 -0800 (PST)
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In-Reply-To: <19981125204900.A4692@loria.fr> from "Olivier Galibert" at Nov 25, 98 08:49:00 pm
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> 
> The  limit on  x86 is  2GB.   To  be  fair,  said  terabyte  files and
> filesystems  are  connected  to systems   with  a 64bits architecture.
> Afaik, linux on alpha handles terabytes files.
> 
>   OG.
> 

We support >2GB on 32 bit systems, and added lseek64() and friends
before we had 64 bit size_t/off_t.

--------------------------------------------------------------
John E. Schimmel                       Email:    jes@sgi.com         
KD6MNW				       Voice:    (650)933-4116
Silicon Graphics Inc.                  Fax:      (650)933-0513
http://reality.sgi.com/jes             Cellular: (209)631-0896
--------------------------------------------------------------

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 12:12:54 1998
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On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Olivier Galibert wrote:

> I can tell than an O2K with 64 CPUS works quite well when the hardware
> isn't failing, but the hardware is often failing...

Have you had a high failure rate?  We just bought 8 O2Ks with 12 CPUs
each.  We are supposed to take delivery next month.  The 2 single-module
Integrated Test machines we've gotten seem to work great.  These machines
will be used in a high-availability environment (4 nines, moving to 5
nines with FailSafe 2.0).

J.

o-----------------------------------o
| Jeffrey Watts                     |
| watts@sunflower.com           o-------------------------------------o
| Systems Analyst               | "I don't think Microsoft is evil in |
| Sprint - Systems Management   |  itself; I just think that they     |
o-------------------------------|  make really crappy operating       |
                                |  systems."                          |
                                |  -- Linus Torvalds                  |
                                o-------------------------------------o


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 12:38:50 1998
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From: ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com (Ariel Faigon)
Message-Id: <199811252037.MAA37649@oz.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Re: help offered
To: galibert@pobox.com (Olivier Galibert)
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 1998 12:37:36 -0800 (PST)
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
In-Reply-To: <19981125204900.A4692@loria.fr> from "Olivier Galibert" at Nov 25, 98 08:49:00 pm
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:
:> 	- Guaranteed Real Time response (kernel is preemptible
:> 	  i.e. you can have multiple system calls executing in server
:> 	  space simultaneously.
:
:Linux 2.1.* is very preemtible, even if there are  stil some things to
:do.
:

Interesting.  Could you elaborate on:

	0) What was changed in recent Linux kernels
	   to support preemtibility in kernel space?
	1) Which "serious" (i.e not 'getpid') system calls are
	   now reentrant ?
	2) What still remains to be done so Linux can really
	   scale before it gets bottlenecked by kernel locks ?


:> 	- Bandwidth (I/O networking) e.g. 4 GB/sec write to
:> 	  RAID disks.
:
:Interesting.  Our "local" SGI vendor  (i.e. the one for France),  told
:us that 1GB/sec write  speed was too much  and he could only guarantee
:800MB/sec for our 1TB raid array.
:

I've seen way much higher numbers.  They are not official, and
are not supposed to be used in sales situations, but were obtained
in our labs with XFS and arrays that were designed and tuned to
maximize bandwidth and to prove that XFS is not the bottleneck.
I believe they also used fiberchannel etc.   Anyway, there are
some much greater experts on this subject on this list if they
care to give the details.

:
:> Note that Linux doesn't even support big files (more than 4 GB)
:> on x86, while IRIX supports many terabyte files.
:
:The  limit on  x86 is  2GB.   To  be  fair,  said  terabyte  files and
:filesystems  are  connected  to systems   with  a 64bits architecture.
:Afaik, linux on alpha handles terabytes files.
:
Yes, I know this is not a strictly-Linux limitation, which is why
I was careful to add "on x86".

Please don't get me wrong: I'm not trying to advocate any OS over
the other (I love and use both) and I didn't mean to turn this
into an advocacy thread.  I was just to respond honestly and fairly
to a specific question I was asked.

-- 
Peace, Ariel

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 12:46:42 1998
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        "Re: help offered" (Nov 25,  2:11pm)
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Small systems have a much lower failure rate than large (128p) systems.
This is for software as well as hardware.

There have been improvements in all hw failure modes in the last
year.  The most common failure is memory.  This is no suprise since there
are statistically 10X more memory components in a system compared to everything
else.  The second most common failure is power supplies.  The power supplies
have been reengineered.  New systems have the new supplies.  Systems
in the field are upgraded when there are problems.

Although all systems are burned in and tested before leaving the factory,
they can suffer damage by the time they arrive at a new site.  Although the
DOA rate is low, it is still non-zero.

Once a system is installed and any infant mortality problems have been
solved, the probability for continuous operation is very high.
Bad power, frequent reconfigurations, moving cables and boards about
can cause problems with any system.

g

-- 
Greg Chesson

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 12:55:16 1998
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To: Ariel Faigon <ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
cc: Olivier Galibert <galibert@pobox.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Ariel Faigon wrote:

> I've seen way much higher numbers.  They are not official, and
> are not supposed to be used in sales situations, but were obtained
> in our labs with XFS and arrays that were designed and tuned to
> maximize bandwidth and to prove that XFS is not the bottleneck.
> I believe they also used fiberchannel etc.   Anyway, there are
> some much greater experts on this subject on this list if they
> care to give the details.

    I was under the impression the O2k memory bandwidth was limited to
~800MB/s.  If so, even if you can read 4GB/s what are you foing to do with
it?  It would have to go over the CrayLink "network" and that doesn't do
4GB/s.  The only way I can see 4GB/s disk throughput is multiple of the
node accessing "local" drives and adding all the bandwidth together.

						- Paul



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 12:58:16 1998
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        "Re: help offered" (Nov 25,  8:49pm)
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	<19981125204900.A4692@loria.fr>
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>Interesting.  Our "local" SGI vendor  (i.e. the one for France),  told
>us that 1GB/sec write  speed was too much  and he could only guarantee
>800MB/sec for our 1TB raid array.

800 MB/s might be a good conversative estimate for a particular RAID array.
However, it is not a limit for Origin systems or disk arrays in general.
We regularly specify and deliver systems with file and network performance
much greater than 800 MB/s.  Also, regarding file system bandwidth
most discussions do not clarify between peak, sustained, or average performance
or specify the transfer sizes or number of clients or other important
environmental factors.  Disk vendors are the worst offenders.  RAID vendors
are pretty bad, too.  I've seen two different vendors claim the sum of the
peak bandwidths of the disk channels on their boxes as the expected
file system performance.  Woe to the customer who actually believes
such garbage.  And woe to the vendors who have to compete against such garbage.

g

-- 
Greg Chesson

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 13:08:31 1998
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In-Reply-To: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
        "Re: help offered" (Nov 25,  9:46pm)
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One definition of OS scalability that I have not seen
in general use is this:

	an OS scales to S number of processors if all S processors
	can be executing in the kernel at the same time.

An OS that scales to S active kernels can usually operate hardware
with P processors, where P > S.  A system for 1P should
be able to handle 2P with a little work.  I expect a lightweight kernel
like Linux to handle 4p with a few locks if on average only one of the
4p is in the kernel.  I'd suggest that the LInux kernel is at present
(1S, 4p) or maybe (1.5S, 4P).

g

-- 
Greg Chesson

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 13:16:22 1998
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To: Greg Chesson <greg@xtp.engr.sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: help offered
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On Wed, Nov 25, 1998 at 12:56:41PM -0800, Greg Chesson wrote:
> And woe to the vendors who have to compete against such garbage.

Ohh yeah.

Actually, in our case, it was slightly better:
- we wanted 1TB of disk.
- we wanted to be able to  dump the full 8GB memory  of the O2K to the
  disk in around 10 seconds.
- we wanted to buy everything to SGI (fibre channel raid array, disks,
  everything).

So the SGI dudes  were able to  choose solutions known to work instead
of having to cope with existing hardware :-)

  OG.


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 13:19:28 1998
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Cc: Ariel Faigon <ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>,
        Olivier Galibert <galibert@pobox.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: help offered
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pjlahaie@atlsci.com writes:
 > On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Ariel Faigon wrote:
 > 
 > > I've seen way much higher numbers.  They are not official, and
 > > are not supposed to be used in sales situations, but were obtained
 > > in our labs with XFS and arrays that were designed and tuned to
 > > maximize bandwidth and to prove that XFS is not the bottleneck.
 > > I believe they also used fiberchannel etc.   Anyway, there are
 > > some much greater experts on this subject on this list if they
 > > care to give the details.
 > 
 >     I was under the impression the O2k memory bandwidth was limited to
 > ~800MB/s.  If so, even if you can read 4GB/s what are you foing to do with
 > it?  It would have to go over the CrayLink "network" and that doesn't do
 > 4GB/s.  The only way I can see 4GB/s disk throughput is multiple of the
 > node accessing "local" drives and adding all the bandwidth together.

       A single node is only 800 MB/s, but an 8P Origin 2000 has four nodes,
and a 32P has 16 nodes.  The router network bandwidth scales with the number
of nodes, so the memory bandwidth of a 32P Origin 2000 is far more than enough
for 4 GB/s.  If you attach the drives to multiple controllers on multiple
nodes, then it is easy to stripe across them with the volume manager to
get high bandwidth.  The volume manager does requests in parallel, so it
is not a bottleneck.

     The Origin architecture does not have a central bus, so it is not bus
limited.  Just add boxes until the bandwidth is enough for what you need.

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 13:27:53 1998
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From: "Greg Chesson" <greg@xtp.engr.sgi.com>
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        "Re: help offered" (Nov 25,  3:51pm)
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max rate on an io channel is 800 MB/s..  The sustainable rates range
from 580 to 720 depending which channel you're looking at in the machine.

But the memory subsystem is ccNUMA.  That means any channel in the system
can read/write any memory in the system.  With io buffers that comprise
multiple pages, and with the pages of the buffer located on several different
memory controllers, multiple io channels can burst (in parallel) to the
"array" of pages that comprise the buffer.

A system in my lab has 24 Fibre Channels.
We build an XFS file system that operates all 24 channels on a read or write.
There's a RAID controller on each FC with an 8+1 LUN.
The file system is arranged so that each controller has a 4MB IO,
each disk gets a 512KB IO, and the IO size of the native file allocation
block is 24*4MB == 96 MB.  It takes about 50ms for a one disk transfer.
During that time all 24 FC burst into memory.  The dma rate is around 90 MB/s.
So, that is 2160 MB/s.  The aggregate memory bandwidth for an 16-cpu Origin
is about 4000 MB/s (sustained).  The actual memory bandwidth is about
20% more, but I derate it when doing this kind of exercise.

In order to avoid page management overhead, we rely on the ability
to specify large (16MB) pages for buffers of this kind.  The OS is quite
happy to manage large pages as well as the default-sized ones (16KB).
Without this capability, the page management overhead would be a major
stumbling block.  Also, striped IO of this kind does not go through the
file system buffer cache.  These are direct-io transfers between the channel
and user-supplied buffers.  It's not clear the Linux permits dma to a mapped
user page.... I get different opinions from folks.  Nevertheless, large pages
and direct IO are necessary tools for operating big io.

The channel bandwidth is 2160 MB/s during an IO as noted above.
However, the channels can't transfer continuously in this configuration
because the disks have to seek occasionally.  So, the amount that you
derate the peak bandwidth to get to sustained file system bandwidth
depends on the block size, number of seeks, average seek distance,
the number of IO requests in the hardware/controller pipeline, plus
some fuzz to account for faster transfer rates on the outside cylinders
compared to inside cylinders plus the number of direction changes
(mix of reads and writes) plus some analysis of extra drive rotations
on writes and the effectiveness of disk and controller track caches.
Whew.  Anyway the 24-channel RAID-3 system will sustain about 1520 MB/s
under arbitrary read/write and seek patterns.  "Good" patterns will trend
toward 2000 MB/s, but it won't fall below 1500.

So, a 16-processor Origin can operate a 2 GB/s file system and use only
40-50% of its internal bandwidth.  Obviously, many many configurations
of processors, channels, disks and network devices are possible.

When configuring a bandwidth-oriented file server, we shoot for
1/3 bandwidth for the disks, 1/3 for the network, and the rest for software.
These are just rules of thumb, but indicate the kind of thought process
that should be applied.

Sorry for the long message, but I detected some basic misunderstandings
of what this hardware and software can do.

g

-- 
Greg Chesson

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 13:42:56 1998
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Date: Wed, 25 Nov 1998 16:38:44 -0500 (EST)
From: <pjlahaie@atlsci.com>
To: Greg Chesson <greg@xtp.engr.sgi.com>
cc: Ariel Faigon <ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>,
        Olivier Galibert <galibert@pobox.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: help offered
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On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Greg Chesson wrote:

> But the memory subsystem is ccNUMA.  That means any channel in the system
> can read/write any memory in the system.  With io buffers that comprise
> multiple pages, and with the pages of the buffer located on several different
> memory controllers, multiple io channels can burst (in parallel) to the
> "array" of pages that comprise the buffer.

    Except some of this has to go through the CrayLink.  The memory you
are "bursting" to is not on the same node.  Therefore, if you have a
dual-threaded application that runs over the data, at most the max
bandwidth is 1.6GB/s (seeing as it's advantagous to spread your code to
two nodes and split the memory between them).  If you application can make
use of all processors on that box, then you get the full bandwidth.  The
most any single processor in that Origin can handle is 800MB/s and if it
needs to get that data, eventually that data is shoveled through the
CrayLink (and hopefully is gets migrated there).  Is there anything flawed
with this reasoning?

> file system buffer cache.  These are direct-io transfers between the channel
> and user-supplied buffers.  It's not clear the Linux permits dma to a mapped
> user page.... I get different opinions from folks.  Nevertheless, large pages

    I don't see why it cannot be done.  The page-cache/file system buffer
cache are supposed to be merged.  If you mmap that data, you should just
get a pte pointing to that area in the page cache.

> So, a 16-processor Origin can operate a 2 GB/s file system and use only
> 40-50% of its internal bandwidth.  Obviously, many many configurations
> of processors, channels, disks and network devices are possible.

    But that bandwidth isn't single node bandwidth.  No single node can do
4GB/s.  All nodes need to use their local memory to achieve max bandwidth.

						- Paul



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 12:49:55 1998
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From: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
Subject: Re: help offered
To: ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 1998 21:46:54 +0000 (GMT)
Cc: galibert@pobox.com, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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> :Linux 2.1.* is very preemtible, even if there are  stil some things to
> :do.

Umm

> :
> 
> Interesting.  Could you elaborate on:
> 
> 	0) What was changed in recent Linux kernels
> 	   to support preemtibility in kernel space?

Nothing

> 	1) Which "serious" (i.e not 'getpid') system calls are
> 	   now reentrant ?

signals, scheduling related stuff

> 	2) What still remains to be done so Linux can really
> 	   scale before it gets bottlenecked by kernel locks ?

Actually it scales fine to 4 CPUs for most stuff on Intel. The pieces that
dont scale are memory intensive and the intel hardware doesnt scale either 8)

But from a theoretical point of view the page cache, vm and fs layers
dont scale.

Alan


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 14:00:45 1998
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        "Re: help offered" (Nov 25,  4:38pm)
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On Nov 25,  4:38pm, <pjlahaie@atlsci.com> wrote:
> Subject: Re: help offered
> On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Greg Chesson wrote:
>
> > But the memory subsystem is ccNUMA.  That means any channel in the system
> > can read/write any memory in the system.  With io buffers that comprise
> > multiple pages, and with the pages of the buffer located on several
different
> > memory controllers, multiple io channels can burst (in parallel) to the
> > "array" of pages that comprise the buffer.
>
>     Except some of this has to go through the CrayLink.  The memory you

there are 8 IO links in the example I gave plus numerous Craylinks  -
I think it's 16 for the example.  The bandwidth definitely does not go
down a single link.

> are "bursting" to is not on the same node.  Therefore, if you have a
> dual-threaded application that runs over the data, at most the max
> bandwidth is 1.6GB/s (seeing as it's advantagous to spread your code to

the application in the example is single-threaded.
Lot's of people just want a bigpipe and a single file descriptor.

> two nodes and split the memory between them).  If you application can make
> use of all processors on that box, then you get the full bandwidth.  The

a single-thread app can easily malloc pages from all the processor slots
on the box.  Can't do that in a cluster or a shared-nothing machine.
You can think of processor slots as just extra memory controllers.
For some applications we ship with "sparse" processor nodes for just
this purpose.

> most any single processor in that Origin can handle is 800MB/s and if it
> needs to get that data, eventually that data is shoveled through the
> CrayLink (and hopefully is gets migrated there).  Is there anything flawed
> with this reasoning?

The single processor limit is set by the memory controller bandwidth.
It can peak at over 600 MB/s, but 500 MB/s is a good number for sustained
random access ops.
>
>     I don't see why it cannot be done.  The page-cache/file system buffer
> cache are supposed to be merged.  If you mmap that data, you should just
> get a pte pointing to that area in the page cache.

ok.

>
>     But that bandwidth isn't single node bandwidth.  No single node can do
> 4GB/s.  All nodes need to use their local memory to achieve max bandwidth.
>

we do make systems where single node bandwidth is many gigabytes/sec.
They're called vector supercomputers.

The max amount of memory on a motherboard is 4 GBytes, I think.
In order to get a bigger memory, more processors must be added.
Do you want to criticize that, too?

The "beauty" of the ccNUMA memory architeture is that by using off-the-shelf
memory circuits, both bandwidth and capacity can be aggregated in a modular
way and still be mapped into a coherent virtual address space.

g



-- 
Greg Chesson

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 14:09:33 1998
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Cc: Greg Chesson <greg@xtp.engr.sgi.com>,
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pjlahaie@atlsci.com writes:
 > On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Greg Chesson wrote:
 > 
 > > But the memory subsystem is ccNUMA.  That means any channel in the system
 > > can read/write any memory in the system.  With io buffers that comprise
 > > multiple pages, and with the pages of the buffer located on several different
 > > memory controllers, multiple io channels can burst (in parallel) to the
 > > "array" of pages that comprise the buffer.
 > 
 >     Except some of this has to go through the CrayLink.  The memory you
 > are "bursting" to is not on the same node.  Therefore, if you have a
 > dual-threaded application that runs over the data, at most the max
 > bandwidth is 1.6GB/s (seeing as it's advantagous to spread your code to
 > two nodes and split the memory between them).  If you application can make
 > use of all processors on that box, then you get the full bandwidth.  The
 > most any single processor in that Origin can handle is 800MB/s and if it
 > needs to get that data, eventually that data is shoveled through the
 > CrayLink (and hopefully is gets migrated there).  Is there anything flawed
 > with this reasoning?

      There is not a single CrayLink.  Each router port is a CrayLink.
There are many CrayLinks if you have many nodes, so the aggregate bandwidth
scales.  If you want to do some real processing on all of the data, you
will need more processors that would be required to simply read it into
some processor cache anyway, so the node bandwidth is unlikely to be the
limiting factor.  When you add processors, you get more aggregate bandwidth.

...
 > > So, a 16-processor Origin can operate a 2 GB/s file system and use only
 > > 40-50% of its internal bandwidth.  Obviously, many many configurations
 > > of processors, channels, disks and network devices are possible.
 > 
 >     But that bandwidth isn't single node bandwidth.  No single node can do
 > 4GB/s.  All nodes need to use their local memory to achieve max bandwidth.

       Yes.  The point of the operating system is to spread the load of
processing, I/O, and networking over the complete system, not create
bottlenecks at a particular node card. 

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 14:13:11 1998
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Date: Wed, 25 Nov 1998 17:09:42 -0500 (EST)
From: <pjlahaie@atlsci.com>
To: Greg Chesson <greg@xtp.engr.sgi.com>
cc: Ariel Faigon <ariel@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>,
        Olivier Galibert <galibert@pobox.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: help offered
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On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Greg Chesson wrote:

> we do make systems where single node bandwidth is many gigabytes/sec.
> They're called vector supercomputers.

    I wasn't criticizing anything or anyone.  Just trying to get more
information.  Considering I had questions our SGI Tech/Salesmen combo
could not answer.

> The max amount of memory on a motherboard is 4 GBytes, I think.
> In order to get a bigger memory, more processors must be added.
> Do you want to criticize that, too?

    No need to take anything personal.  I'm just asking for information
and you guys get jumpy.  I have nothing bad to say about the O2k hardware,
I'm just curious about it's architecture and how exactly "bandwidth" is
measured, since it's not as straightforward as in an SMP system.

						- Paul



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 14:13:13 1998
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From: alexvk@vostok.engr.sgi.com (Alex Kozlov)
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Subject: Re: help offered
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.04.9811251542540.3207-100000@elenuial.atlsci.com> from "pjlahaie@atlsci.com" at "Nov 25, 98 03:51:54 pm"
To: pjlahaie@atlsci.com
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pjlahaie@atlsci.com wrote:
>
>     I was under the impression the O2k memory bandwidth was limited to
> ~800MB/s.  If so, even if you can read 4GB/s what are you foing to do with
> it?  It would have to go over the CrayLink "network" and that doesn't do
> 4GB/s.  The only way I can see 4GB/s disk throughput is multiple of the
> node accessing "local" drives and adding all the bandwidth together.
> 

I thought craylink is 6 GB/s:

cl0: flags=4041<UP,RUNNING,DRVRLOCK>
        inet 192.0.2.113 netmask 0xffffff00 
        speed 6.40 Gbit/s

Is it not true in practice?

-- 
Alexander V. Kozlov | alexvk@engr.sgi.com | (650) 933-8493

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 14:19:42 1998
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On Wed, 25 Nov 1998, Alex Kozlov wrote:

> I thought craylink is 6 GB/s:
                        ^^^^
> 
> cl0: flags=4041<UP,RUNNING,DRVRLOCK>
>         inet 192.0.2.113 netmask 0xffffff00 
>         speed 6.40 Gbit/s
                     ^^^^

    Those a bits, not bytes.  So 6.40Gb is 0.8GB/s.

						- Paul


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 14:26:25 1998
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Alex Kozlov writes:
 > pjlahaie@atlsci.com wrote:
 > >
 > >     I was under the impression the O2k memory bandwidth was limited to
 > > ~800MB/s.  If so, even if you can read 4GB/s what are you foing to do with
 > > it?  It would have to go over the CrayLink "network" and that doesn't do
 > > 4GB/s.  The only way I can see 4GB/s disk throughput is multiple of the
 > > node accessing "local" drives and adding all the bandwidth together.
 > > 
 > 
 > I thought craylink is 6 GB/s:
 > 
 > cl0: flags=4041<UP,RUNNING,DRVRLOCK>
 >         inet 192.0.2.113 netmask 0xffffff00 
 >         speed 6.40 Gbit/s
 > 
 > Is it not true in practice?

     Yes, but I think the "4GB/s" was "4 gigabytes/second".  The link is
about 800 megabytes/second (6.4 gigabits/second).


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Nov 25 14:58:51 1998
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        "Re: help offered" (Nov 25,  5:09pm)
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no problem, I apologize for being jumpy.

When you're married to an english teacher you can easily learn
to read too much into someone's choice of words (because that's
what literary criticism is all about.... :-)

g

-- 
Greg Chesson

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov 26 00:01:28 1998
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From: "Torbjörn Gannholm" <torbjorn.gannholm@fra.se>
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Have you ever considered the GNU/Hurd for SGI? It has some good points:
1) It is designed to be 100% reentrant from scratch and is also heavily
multithreaded.
2) Basic kernel is minuscule.
3) Added functionality (files, memory, authorization, scheduling, etc)
comes from "servers" which can be replaced at will or even have
different ones running at the same time. The point is you can easily
have a mix of proprietary/freeware/own-design for different
functionalities. Different tasks with conflicting interests could run
against different servers and, above all, totally ignore unused servers.

4) According to the developers it is extremely stable, errors never
resulting in anything worse than an interruptible hang.

A possible minus is the message-passing between the servers which might
be time-consuming.

Still, my feeling is that this could be a real winner on flexibility and
performance. Any comments?

--
/Torbjörn

This message is a personal message from Torbjörn Gannholm
and does not necessarily represent the opinion of my employer.




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov 26 04:29:37 1998
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Date: Thu, 26 Nov 1998 06:28:37 -0600
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To: Ariel Faigon <ariel@oz.engr.sgi.com>,
        Olivier Galibert <galibert@pobox.com>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
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On Wed, Nov 25, 1998 at 12:37:36PM -0800, Ariel Faigon wrote:

> :Linux 2.1.* is very preemtible, even if there are  stil some things to
> :do.
> 
> Interesting.  Could you elaborate on:
> 
> 	0) What was changed in recent Linux kernels
> 	   to support preemtibility in kernel space?

I think people are confusing the terms reentrant and preemptible.

> 	1) Which "serious" (i.e not 'getpid') system calls are
> 	   now reentrant ?

The large majority of the ``small stuff'' is now reentrant, that means
signals, interrupts, stuff like getpid.  Many subsystems or structures are
nowadays protected by there own locks and no longer by the big evil
lock-everything kernel lock.

> 	2) What still remains to be done so Linux can really
> 	   scale before it gets bottlenecked by kernel locks ?

The big ones which still need a lot of work are

 - VFS and lower layers are protected by the big kernel lock.
 - bottom half handlers run on only one CPU.
 - socket code is protected by the big kernel lock

It's 2.3 work, don't expect it to happen any day soon.  If you're
interested in more details, grep the kernel for lock_kernel / unlock_kernel.

  Ralf

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov 26 04:14:57 1998
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From: alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk (Alan Cox)
Subject: Re: GNU/Hurd
To: torbjorn.gannholm@fra.se (Torbjörn Gannholm)
Date: Thu, 26 Nov 1998 13:10:23 +0000 (GMT)
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> A possible minus is the message-passing between the servers which might
> be time-consuming.

"Yesterdays technology, next week" to quote an OSI saying

> Still, my feeling is that this could be a real winner on flexibility and
> performance. Any comments?

If you want a pre-emptible OS core its not HURD. Being pre-emptible without
deadlocks or other interesting suprises is a very very hard problem. Consider
things like disk sorting algorithms when you have 40 blocks for a low pri
process queued up with 2 for a real time one.


From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov 26 14:16:21 1998
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> 	  1) Which "serious" (i.e not 'getpid') system calls are
> 	     now reentrant ?

Very few and neither the file system layer nor the networking layer
have been properly fine-grain locked for this task to make sense. 

Linux is still far from competnig with IRIX and Solaris in this
field. 

Miguel.

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov 26 18:48:05 1998
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Got some numbers to go with that? 
ron

Ron Minnich                |"Using Windows NT, which is known to have some 
rminnich@sarnoff.com       | failure modes, on a warship is similar to hoping 
(609)-734-3120             | that luck will be in our favor"- A. Digiorgio
ftp://ftp.sarnoff.com/pub/mnfs/www/docs/cluster.html 

   



From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Thu Nov 26 23:19:19 1998
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Ron G. Minnich wrote:

> Got some numbers to go with that?
> ron
>

 Sorry, no. I've only read about what the design ambition is.


--
/Torbjörn

This message is a personal message from Torbjörn Gannholm
and does not necessarily represent the opinion of my employer.




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov 27 00:15:52 1998
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Alan Cox wrote:

> > A possible minus is the message-passing between the servers which might
> > be time-consuming.
>
> "Yesterdays technology, next week" to quote an OSI saying

Possibly, but maybe Unix and Linux also are yesterdays technology in some sense,
but cooperative development is the future (and a small bit of the present) and I
think it's sad that science is held back because of money and prestige
(Although, mind you, I don't mind paying for software and giving credit where
it's due, but I want to know what it does and be able to change it if I think I
can do something better).

>
>
> > Still, my feeling is that this could be a real winner on flexibility and
> > performance. Any comments?
>
> If you want a pre-emptible OS core its not HURD. Being pre-emptible without
> deadlocks or other interesting suprises is a very very hard problem. Consider
> things like disk sorting algorithms when you have 40 blocks for a low pri
> process queued up with 2 for a real time one.

 Actually, for the most part I couldn't care less about preemptible or
real-time. I just want to get maximum cream out of my system (scaled to a
zillion cpus), and I want it to run until I kill it. Maybe I'm being boring, but
to watch video I use a TV, to listen to music I use a HiFi, reality is a lot
more interesting than virtual, and to run a nuclear power station I have
dedicated machines. And if I did want to use my computer for any of this I could
probably load the appropriate mechanisms if they existed and everything else is
nicely designed.

IMHO, maybe preemptibility is a fix rather than a solution and the solution lies
in another dimension.

But still, why wouldn't some implementation of HURD (or mach) be able to be
preemptible?

--
/Torbjörn

This message is a personal message from Torbjörn Gannholm
and does not necessarily represent the opinion of my employer.




From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov 27 15:02:23 1998
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On Thu, Nov 26, 1998 at 08:54:07AM -0600, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 26, 1998 at 06:28:37AM -0600, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> 
> > The big ones which still need a lot of work are
> > 
> >  - VFS and lower layers are protected by the big kernel lock.
> 
> Talked with Stephen Tweedie about this, it's considered a tough job to
> multithread that right.

Afaik, the main problem is avoiding deadlocks.  Tough job.

  OG.

From owner-linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Fri Nov 27 18:46:39 1998
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On Fri, Nov 27, 1998 at 11:59:18PM +0100, Olivier Galibert wrote:

> On Thu, Nov 26, 1998 at 08:54:07AM -0600, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> > On Thu, Nov 26, 1998 at 06:28:37AM -0600, ralf@uni-koblenz.de wrote:
> > 
> > > The big ones which still need a lot of work are
> > > 
> > >  - VFS and lower layers are protected by the big kernel lock.
> > 
> > Talked with Stephen Tweedie about this, it's considered a tough job to
> > multithread that right.
> 
> Afaik, the main problem is avoiding deadlocks.  Tough job.

Not only, it has to be efficient and Linus has to like it.  As things are
right now only some of Stephen's work in that area was done with MT in
mind.

  Ralf

