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Date:   Mon, 03 Jan 2000 15:36:03 -0700
From:   Jeff Harrell <jharrell@ti.com>
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Subject: C/Assembler listing files
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Has anyone tried to generate an interleaved C and Assembler listing file
with
the MIPS cross compilation tools?  I tried to pass the following flags
to gcc
(and the assembler):

-Wa,-ahl=file.txt

I get the following errors:
--------------------------------------------------------
mips-linux-gcc -D__KERNEL__ -I/home/jharrell/work/mips_linux/include
-Wall -g -Wa,-alh=signal.lst  -Wstrict-prototypes -O2
-fomit-frame-pointer  -G 0 -mno-abicalls -fno-pic -mcpu=r4600 -mips3
-pipe   -DEXPORT_SYMTAB -c signal.c
signal.c: In function `dequeue_signal':
signal.c:106: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
signal.c:107: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
{standard input}: Assembler messages:
{standard input}:541: Fatal error: Symbol signals_init already defined.
signal.c: In function `sys_rt_sigprocmask':
signal.c:698: output pipe has been closed
cpp: output pipe has been closed

---------------------------------------------------------------

If I remove the  "-Wa,-ahl=file.txt" the kernel compiles with no
errors.  I attempt a
similar type of command on the x386 version of gcc and it seems to
work.  Is this a
command that is not supported on the MIPS cross-compilation tools?  Any
information
on this would be greatly appreciated.


Thanks,
Jeff Harrell

--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jeff Harrell                    Work:  (801) 619-6104
Broadband Access group/TI
jharrell@ti.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~




From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Mon Jan  3 17:56:55 2000
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On Mon, Jan 03, 2000 at 03:36:03PM -0700, Jeff Harrell wrote:

> Has anyone tried to generate an interleaved C and Assembler listing file
> with the MIPS cross compilation tools?  I tried to pass the following flags
> to gcc
> (and the assembler):

I just tried this on my current version of the x-tools and it seemed
to work.  There is a number of other problems, mostly that 32-bit
static linking of PIC code is broken and then infinite 64-bit problems
which prevent me from making a real release and declaring them to be
``the'' official versions.  If that doesn't bother you, go ahead and
get the stuff from oss.sgi.com:/pub/linux/mips/crossdev/testing/.

  Ralf

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From:   "Jiri Kastner jr." <indy@arcom.cz>
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Subject: XFree86-FBDev and /dev/fb0
Date:   Tue, 4 Jan 2000 22:40:27 +0100
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I have installed XFree86-FBDev, but everytime, when I want to start X, I get
message, that is missing /dev/fb0, and I dont know, how to make it (MAKEDEV
dont know anything about fb* devices).

Jiri Kastner.

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"Jiri Kastner jr." wrote:
> 
> I have installed XFree86-FBDev, but everytime, when I want to start X, I get
> message, that is missing /dev/fb0, and I dont know, how to make it (MAKEDEV
> dont know anything about fb* devices).
> 
> Jiri Kastner.

You have to enable it in your kernel. 
-- 
.--------1---------2---------3---------4---------5---------6---------7.
  Eric Kimminau           eak@sgi.com       SGI Extranet Services
      Vox:650-933-6441  Fax:248-618-9178  VNET:6-933-6441  
              "I speak my mind and no one else's."
 "I am a bomb technician. If you see me running, try to keep up..."
                    http://support.sgi.com

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Tue Jan  4 15:16:59 2000
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Hello everyone!

I have quite a general question, that I hope someone won't mind answering:-

I've installed hard-hat-5.1 on my indy, with few problems, and updated to a
kernel
that supports swap and everything seems fine. Next I decided to update gcc
and binutils,
in order to try later kernel builds (2.3.x). (I'm a long time UNIX user, but
quite new to linux).

My question is: I've had no sucess with gcc-2.95 or any version of binutils
I can lay my hands on.
binutils-2.95 builds with CFLAGS=-g , but then during the build of gcc, I
get an error from as.
Is the only option for software compilation a cross compiler on another
linux box?

I've poured over the web pages and have the cvs repo, which I am about to
start poking around in,
and don't find any specific dos or don'ts.

Thanks,

Ken
kenwills@mailbag.com


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<DELURK>

Hi everyone.

I haven't taken the plunge yet into Linux on my Indy.  I'm going to wait
until the great big fat cheque comes in for Y2K work and buy a second one
for Linux :-) but, well, the installation instructions scare the bejesus out
of me!

I don't suppose anyone has put together an idiot-proof CD, or failing that,
if anyone on the list who lives in London would be willing to help me
through an installation in return for beer/curry/perl help/whatever?

-- 
David Cantrell | david@cantrell.org.uk | http://www.cantrell.org.uk/david

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Dne Ut, 04 jan 2000 jste napsal(a):
 
> You have to enable it in your kernel. 

I have kernel with framebuffer (when I boot, I see linux-sgi.logo - 2.2.1)

I have no /dev/fb0.

Jiri Kastner

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On Wed, Jan 05, 2000 at 04:06:24PM +0100, Jiri Kastner jr. wrote:
> Dne Ut, 04 jan 2000 jste napsal(a):
>  
> > You have to enable it in your kernel. 
> 
> I have kernel with framebuffer (when I boot, I see linux-sgi.logo - 2.2.1)
> 
> I have no /dev/fb0.

You probably need to create the device node, then.  Look at the man
page for mknod, and Documentation/devices.txt in your kernel source
tree, for further info.

-andy
-- 
Andy Isaacson  http://web.mr-happy.com/~adisaacs/   Fight Spam, join CAUCE:
adi@acm.org adisaacs@mr-happy.com isaacson@cs.umn.edu   www.cauce.org

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I am attempting to deal with several issues with RH 6.0 Linux (2.2.10) on
the SGI Visual Workstation that I am unable to resolve.  I am sure that the
resolutions are quite simple, but I have tried the HOWTO route and asked
others without success.  Normally I am reluctant to seek help, opting to
work the problem out for myself, but I seem unable to do so in this case.

First, I recently installed an SGI supplied IOMEGA ZIP-100 into floppy bay
#2 on the VWS.  It installed easily and it works correctly under NT.  It is
recognized by Linux as "hdd" on the third probe during boot.  I am unable to
mount the device.  The HOWTOs reference SCSI drives (this is an IDE, I
believe) or parallel-attached devices.  So I can't find support assistance
for internal drives.  Do you have any guidance in this area?

Also, I am having difficulty accessing COM1 on the VWS.  I get an error on
"setserial -g /dev/ttys0" or "/dev/cua0" under root.  Both devices are
present and seem to be correct.  The port works correctly under NT.  If I
try "setserial auto_irq skip_test autoconfig" I receive a "device not found"
error.  If you have guidance here I would be grateful as well.

I thank your for your time.

Regards,

Len Smith
lsmith@systemdynamix.com




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Hi Len,

With regard to your ZIP trouble, you might want to try and mounting a
_partition_ on the zip drive, not the whole drive itself...

If the zip is formatted with winXX you might want to try the following as
root:

mount -t vfat /dev/hdd4 /mnt

this will mount the vfat formatted partition nr 4 on the currently loaded
zip-disk on the /mnt directory entry. For some reason, winXX formatted
disks are set to partition 4.

hope this helps,

avi bercovich

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Avi Bercovich                                      bercovic@swi.psy.uva.nl
Sinjeur Semeynsstraat 9          Dept. of Social Science Informatics (SWI)
1183LD Amstelveen                                  University of Amsterdam     

On Wed, 5 Jan 2000, Len Smith wrote:

> I am attempting to deal with several issues with RH 6.0 Linux (2.2.10) on
> the SGI Visual Workstation that I am unable to resolve.  I am sure that the
> resolutions are quite simple, but I have tried the HOWTO route and asked
> others without success.  Normally I am reluctant to seek help, opting to
> work the problem out for myself, but I seem unable to do so in this case.
> 
> First, I recently installed an SGI supplied IOMEGA ZIP-100 into floppy bay
> #2 on the VWS.  It installed easily and it works correctly under NT.  It is
> recognized by Linux as "hdd" on the third probe during boot.  I am unable to
> mount the device.  The HOWTOs reference SCSI drives (this is an IDE, I
> believe) or parallel-attached devices.  So I can't find support assistance
> for internal drives.  Do you have any guidance in this area?
> 
> Also, I am having difficulty accessing COM1 on the VWS.  I get an error on
> "setserial -g /dev/ttys0" or "/dev/cua0" under root.  Both devices are
> present and seem to be correct.  The port works correctly under NT.  If I
> try "setserial auto_irq skip_test autoconfig" I receive a "device not found"
> error.  If you have guidance here I would be grateful as well.
> 
> I thank your for your time.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Len Smith
> lsmith@systemdynamix.com
> 
> 
> 


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Date:   Wed, 5 Jan 2000 22:18:39 +0100
From:   Florian Lohoff <flo@rfc822.org>
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Hi,
this is is a short output of the 2.3.21 booting on the Decstation
5000/150 ... This is the current oss.sgi.com CVS.

--------------------------------------------------------------
This DECstation is a DS5000/1xx
Loading R4000 MMU routines.
CPU revision is: 00000430
Primary instruction cache 8kb, linesize 16 bytes)
Primary data cache 8kb, linesize 16 bytes)
Secondary cache sized at 1024K linesize 32
Linux version 2.3.21 (root@repeat) (gcc version egcs-2.90.27 980315 (egcs-1.0.2 release)) #1 Tue Jan 4 18:39:20 GMT 2000
Calibrating delay loop... 49.81 BogoMIPS
Memory: 62652k/65532k available (1068k kernel code, 1524k data)
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Checking for 'wait' instruction...  unavailable.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
TURBOchannel rev. 1 at 12.5 MHz (no parity)
    slot 0: DEC      PMAZ-AA  V5.3d   
    slot 1: DEC      PMAZ-AA  V5.3b   
    slot 2: DEC      PMAF-FA  V1.1    
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.3
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 8192)
Starting kswapd v1.6
DECstation Z8530 serial driver version 0.03
tty00 at 0xbc100001 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
tty01 at 0xbc100009 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
tty02 at 0xbc180001 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
tty03 at 0xbc180009 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
SCSI ID 7 Clk 25MHz CCF=5 TOut 167 NCR53C9x(esp236)
SCSI ID 7 Clk 12MHz CCF=3 TOut 139 NCR53C9x(esp236)
SCSI ID 7 Clk 12MHz CCF=3 TOut 139 NCR53C9x(esp236)
ESP: Total of 3 ESP hosts found, 3 actually in use.
scsi0 : ESP236 (NCR53C9x)
scsi1 : ESP236 (NCR53C9x)
scsi2 : ESP236 (NCR53C9x)
scsi : 3 hosts.
  Vendor: Quantum   Model: XP34300           Rev: L912
  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
  Vendor: SEAGATE   Model: ST15150N          Rev: 8902
  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi disk sdb at scsi0, channel 0, id 2, lun 0
scsi : detected 2 SCSI disks total.
esp0: target 0 [period 200ns offset 15 5.00MHz synchronous SCSI]
SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 8399520 [4101 MB] [4.1 GB]
esp0: target 2 [period 200ns offset 15 5.00MHz synchronous SCSI]
SCSI device sdb: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 8388315 [4095 MB] [4.1 GB]
declance.c: v0.008 by Linux Mips DECstation task force
eth0: IOASIC onboard LANCE, addr = 08:00:2b:28:f0:a3, irq = 3
Sending BOOTP requests.... OK
IP-Config: Got BOOTP answer from 193.189.250.46, my address is 193.189.250.44
-----------------------------------------------------

I see some more ugly things:

Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source

And this ...

Bug in get_wchan

This seems to be a result of buggy "procps" ...

Flo
-- 
Florian Lohoff		flo@rfc822.org		      	+49-5241-470566
  ...  The failure can be random; however, when it does occur, it is
  catastrophic and is repeatable  ...             Cisco Field Notice


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From:   Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
To:     Andy Isaacson <adisaacs@mr-happy.com>
Cc:     linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: XFree86-FBDev and /dev/fb0
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On Wed, Jan 05, 2000 at 11:49:22AM -0500, Andy Isaacson wrote:

> > I have kernel with framebuffer (when I boot, I see linux-sgi.logo - 2.2.1)
> > 
> > I have no /dev/fb0.
> 
> You probably need to create the device node, then.  Look at the man
> page for mknod, and Documentation/devices.txt in your kernel source
> tree, for further info.

That alone won't help.

A system with the XL graphics will never have a real working framebuffer.

  Ralf

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Ralf Baechle writes:
 > On Wed, Jan 05, 2000 at 11:49:22AM -0500, Andy Isaacson wrote:
 > 
 > > > I have kernel with framebuffer (when I boot, I see linux-sgi.logo - 2.2.1)
 > > > 
 > > > I have no /dev/fb0.
 > > 
 > > You probably need to create the device node, then.  Look at the man
 > > page for mknod, and Documentation/devices.txt in your kernel source
 > > tree, for further info.
 > 
 > That alone won't help.
 > 
 > A system with the XL graphics will never have a real working framebuffer.

     Since the real graphics framebuffer is in memory which is not addressable
by the processor, the only way to fake a CPU-addressable framebuffer is
to reserve a chunk of main memory, and then DMA the contents into the
real framebuffer when the CPU-addressable framebuffer is changed (or
every vertical refresh interval, if there is no way to tell when the buffer
changes).  You could probably play with the PTE valid and mod bits to detect
when pages are changed.  It would in any case be relatively inefficient
compared to using the graphics pipeline as intended, since uncached writes
to the graphics pipeline are pretty cheap (better than cached or uncached
writes to large areas of main memory).


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Subject: Re: XFree86-FBDev and /dev/fb0
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On Wed, Jan 05, 2000 at 04:55:22PM -0800, William J. Earl wrote:
> Ralf Baechle writes:
>  > A system with the XL graphics will never have a real working framebuffer.
> 
>      Since the real graphics framebuffer is in memory which is not addressable
> by the processor, the only way to fake a CPU-addressable framebuffer is
> to reserve a chunk of main memory, and then DMA the contents into the
> real framebuffer when the CPU-addressable framebuffer is changed (or
> every vertical refresh interval, if there is no way to tell when the buffer
> changes).  You could probably play with the PTE valid and mod bits to detect
> when pages are changed.  It would in any case be relatively inefficient
> compared to using the graphics pipeline as intended, since uncached writes
> to the graphics pipeline are pretty cheap (better than cached or uncached
> writes to large areas of main memory).

XFree86 has builtin support for this mode of operation in the latest
development snapshot (3.9.17).  They call it ShadowFB.  Of course that
would only work in X, not on console.  Apparently it's fairly easy to
write a driver that supports ShadowFB; all you have to be able to do
is update a rectangular area of the screen on demand.

-andy
-- 
Andy Isaacson  http://web.mr-happy.com/~adisaacs/   Fight Spam, join CAUCE:
adi@acm.org adisaacs@mr-happy.com isaacson@cs.umn.edu   www.cauce.org

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Wed Jan  5 17:35:24 2000
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Subject: Re: XFree86-FBDev and /dev/fb0
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> On Wed, Jan 05, 2000 at 04:55:22PM -0800, William J. Earl wrote:
> > Ralf Baechle writes:
> >  > A system with the XL graphics will never have a real working framebuffer.
> > 
> >      Since the real graphics framebuffer is in memory which is not addressable
> > by the processor, the only way to fake a CPU-addressable framebuffer is
> > to reserve a chunk of main memory, and then DMA the contents into the
> > real framebuffer when the CPU-addressable framebuffer is changed (or
> > every vertical refresh interval, if there is no way to tell when the buffer
> > changes).  You could probably play with the PTE valid and mod bits to detect
> > when pages are changed.  It would in any case be relatively inefficient
> > compared to using the graphics pipeline as intended, since uncached writes
> > to the graphics pipeline are pretty cheap (better than cached or uncached
> > writes to large areas of main memory).
> 
> XFree86 has builtin support for this mode of operation in the latest
> development snapshot (3.9.17).  They call it ShadowFB.  Of course that
> would only work in X, not on console.  Apparently it's fairly easy to
> write a driver that supports ShadowFB; all you have to be able to do
> is update a rectangular area of the screen on demand.

Yeah, and that's what I tried to get working but I ran into other problems with
the dynamic loading of X modules and stuff so I never got the chance to
concentrate on the driver.  I have the early stages of a driver around though.

Ulf


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On Wed, Jan 05, 2000 at 05:27:33PM -0800, Ulf Carlsson wrote:
> > XFree86 has builtin support for this mode of operation in the latest
> > development snapshot (3.9.17).  They call it ShadowFB.  Of course that
> > would only work in X, not on console.  Apparently it's fairly easy to
> > write a driver that supports ShadowFB; all you have to be able to do
> > is update a rectangular area of the screen on demand.
> 
> Yeah, and that's what I tried to get working but I ran into other problems with
> the dynamic loading of X modules and stuff so I never got the chance to
> concentrate on the driver.  I have the early stages of a driver around though.

You're probably the first person to try the XFree86 loader code on
MIPS so it's not suprising you had trouble.  Try putting
"#define DoLoadableServer NO" in xc/config/cf/host.def; that way it'll
not try to use the loader at all.

-andy
-- 
Andy Isaacson  http://web.mr-happy.com/~adisaacs/   Fight Spam, join CAUCE:
adi@acm.org adisaacs@mr-happy.com isaacson@cs.umn.edu   www.cauce.org

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The "setting flush to zero/Unimlemented exception"
problem is almost certainly due to the fact that the
DECstation binaries were compiled for R3000-based
platforms with R3K-style FPUs which have 32 single-precision
FP regs that can also be treated pairwise as 16
double-precision registers.  I didn't know that the 5000 line
had R4000 CPUs in them, but on the basis of your reported
CPU revision number, that's what you've got.

The default SGI/MIPS Linux kernel startup sets the
"FR" bit in the CP0.Status register, which enables
R4000-style FPU registers, which is to say a full
compliment of 32 double-precision registers.  This
has the side-effect of making the kernel incompatible
with the distributed mipsel binaries and the distributed
DECstation root file system, since those binaries which
do double-precision floating point load their initial values
from memory as two singles.  That works on an R3000
or an R4000-with-FR=0, but not on an R4000-with-FR=1.
If FR=1, the data in the registers is garbage, the FP
ops trap on unimplemented exceptions, which first
retry the instruction with flush-to-zero mode in a
desperate hope that that will solve the problem,
then call the fragmentatary SW emulator in the
kernel, which only handles a few cases, then
skip the instruction, printing the console message
that it "should" have sent a SIGFPE.   Hence the
output.  And hence the bizzare behaviour of awk,
ps, and a number of other basic programs that do
minimal FP as the system comes up (procps?).

It took me a while to figure this out when I ran into
it doing a little-endian port of Linux 2.2.12 to an R5260,
as you might imagine.   Unless things have been drastically
scrambled for 2.3.x,  the code controlling this is in
arch/mips/kernel/head.S.   What we did at MIPS was
to add a config option to determine which FPU model
is desired.   The truly elegant thing would be to examine
the a.out file and manage Status.FR dynamically, but
a quick inspection turned up no clean mechanism in
the Linux kernel for passing such architecture-dependent
information from the generic a.out file parsing to the
thread creation machinery, so that will be a later
exercise.   Thoward the end of the kernel entry point
(kernel_entry), our revised code looks a bit like this:

        /* Disable coprocessors */
        mfc0    t0, CP0_STATUS
#ifdef CONFIG_MIPS_32FR
        li      t1, ~(ST0_CU1|ST0_CU2|ST0_CU3|ST0_KX|ST0_SX)
#else
        li      t1, ~(ST0_CU1|ST0_CU2|ST0_CU3|ST0_KX|ST0_SX|ST0_FR)
#endif
        and     t0, t1
        or      t0, ST0_CU0
        mtc0    t0, CP0_STATUS

1:      jal     start_kernel
         nop

The "#ifdef/else/endif" sequence is our addition.  For a
quick hack, just add ST0_FR to the set of bits being
inverted in the existing code.

            Hope this helps,

            Kevin K.
__

Kevin D. Kissell
MIPS Technologies European Architecture Lab
kevink@mips.com
Tel. +33.4.78.38.70.67
FAX. +33.4.78.38.70.68

-----Original Message-----
From: Florian Lohoff <flo@rfc822.org>
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Date: Wednesday, January 05, 2000 11:17 PM
Subject: Decstation 5000/150 2.3.21 Boot successs


>
>Hi,
>this is is a short output of the 2.3.21 booting on the Decstation
>5000/150 ... This is the current oss.sgi.com CVS.
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------
>This DECstation is a DS5000/1xx
>Loading R4000 MMU routines.
>CPU revision is: 00000430
>Primary instruction cache 8kb, linesize 16 bytes)
>Primary data cache 8kb, linesize 16 bytes)
>Secondary cache sized at 1024K linesize 32
>Linux version 2.3.21 (root@repeat) (gcc version egcs-2.90.27 980315 (egcs-1.0.2
release)) #1 Tue Jan 4 18:39:20 GMT 2000
>Calibrating delay loop... 49.81 BogoMIPS
>Memory: 62652k/65532k available (1068k kernel code, 1524k data)
>Buffer-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
>Page-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
>Checking for 'wait' instruction...  unavailable.
>POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
>TURBOchannel rev. 1 at 12.5 MHz (no parity)
>    slot 0: DEC      PMAZ-AA  V5.3d
>    slot 1: DEC      PMAZ-AA  V5.3b
>    slot 2: DEC      PMAF-FA  V1.1
>Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.3
>Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
>NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
>NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
>IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
>TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 8192)
>Starting kswapd v1.6
>DECstation Z8530 serial driver version 0.03
>tty00 at 0xbc100001 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
>tty01 at 0xbc100009 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
>tty02 at 0xbc180001 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
>tty03 at 0xbc180009 (irq = 4) is a Z85C30 SCC
>SCSI ID 7 Clk 25MHz CCF=5 TOut 167 NCR53C9x(esp236)
>SCSI ID 7 Clk 12MHz CCF=3 TOut 139 NCR53C9x(esp236)
>SCSI ID 7 Clk 12MHz CCF=3 TOut 139 NCR53C9x(esp236)
>ESP: Total of 3 ESP hosts found, 3 actually in use.
>scsi0 : ESP236 (NCR53C9x)
>scsi1 : ESP236 (NCR53C9x)
>scsi2 : ESP236 (NCR53C9x)
>scsi : 3 hosts.
>  Vendor: Quantum   Model: XP34300           Rev: L912
>  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
>Detected scsi disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
>  Vendor: SEAGATE   Model: ST15150N          Rev: 8902
>  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
>Detected scsi disk sdb at scsi0, channel 0, id 2, lun 0
>scsi : detected 2 SCSI disks total.
>esp0: target 0 [period 200ns offset 15 5.00MHz synchronous SCSI]
>SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 8399520 [4101 MB] [4.1 GB]
>esp0: target 2 [period 200ns offset 15 5.00MHz synchronous SCSI]
>SCSI device sdb: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 8388315 [4095 MB] [4.1 GB]
>declance.c: v0.008 by Linux Mips DECstation task force
>eth0: IOASIC onboard LANCE, addr = 08:00:2b:28:f0:a3, irq = 3
>Sending BOOTP requests.... OK
>IP-Config: Got BOOTP answer from 193.189.250.46, my address is 193.189.250.44
>-----------------------------------------------------
>
>I see some more ugly things:
>
>Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
>Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
>Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
>Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
>Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
>Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
>Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
>Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
>Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
>
>And this ...
>
>Bug in get_wchan
>
>This seems to be a result of buggy "procps" ...
>
>Flo
>--
>Florian Lohoff flo@rfc822.org       +49-5241-470566
>  ...  The failure can be random; however, when it does occur, it is
>  catastrophic and is repeatable  ...             Cisco Field Notice
>


From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Thu Jan  6 03:56:01 2000
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From:   "Len Smith" <lsmith@systemdynamix.com>
To:     <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Cc:     <david@cantrell.org.uk>
Subject: RE: SGI320/Linux - Zip Drive and COM port.
Date:   Thu, 6 Jan 2000 06:43:52 -0500
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I'd like to thank all of you for your support, especially David Cantrell
(who is at home).

The solution was pretty apparent; I just didn't take advantage of it.  The
SGI320 VWS has proprietary hardware and while the base Red Hat 6.0 will work
with the kernel obtained from the SGI Linux (www.linux.sgi.com) site it also
requires that the 2.2.5-xx source be patched and rebuilt.  The patch
corrects issues with the sound, COM ports and if you enable it SCSI
emulation for the internal IDE ZIP Drive.  So, I:

1. Downloaded the 2.2.10 tarball
2. Downloaded the VWS patch from the SGI Linux Intel site
3. Created duplicate directories under /usr/src named linux.2210 and
linux.2210.vw, both containing exact copies of 2.2.10.
4. Ran the patch "patch -p0 < visws_2210_28jul99.patch from /usr/src
5. Visually verified that the directory linux.2210 was updated (look at what
the patch does, then look for the changes)
6. make dep
7. make clean
8. make menuconfig (or whatever config your prefer)
9. Be sure to use at least the settings from the SGI site for the kernel -
otherwise danger lurks
10. Make sure the SGI Sound is on
11. SCSI emulation
12. make vmlinux (that's right, not zImage)
13. make modules
14. make modules_install
15. ln -s /usr/src/linux.2210 /usr/src/linux
16. ln -s /usr/src/linux.2210/System.map /boot/System.map
17. Copy the vmlinux image to your SGI FAT boot partition.
18. Make a new boot selection to point to the new kernel.
19. Boot and Enjoy.

The corrected the COM issue and the SCSI emulation found the ZIP as hdd4 and
everything works okay! Thanks again for everyone's help.

-----Original Message-----
From: Len Smith [mailto:lsmith@systemdynamix.com]
Sent: Wednesday, January 05, 2000 2:25 PM
To: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: SGI320/Linux - Zip Drive and COM port.

I am attempting to deal with several issues with RH 6.0 Linux (2.2.10) on
the SGI Visual Workstation that I am unable to resolve.  I am sure that the
resolutions are quite simple, but I have tried the HOWTO route and asked
others without success.  Normally I am reluctant to seek help, opting to
work the problem out for myself, but I seem unable to do so in this case.

First, I recently installed an SGI supplied IOMEGA ZIP-100 into floppy bay
#2 on the VWS.  It installed easily and it works correctly under NT.  It is
recognized by Linux as "hdd" on the third probe during boot.  I am unable to
mount the device.  The HOWTOs reference SCSI drives (this is an IDE, I
believe) or parallel-attached devices.  So I can't find support assistance
for internal drives.  Do you have any guidance in this area?

Also, I am having difficulty accessing COM1 on the VWS.  I get an error on
"setserial -g /dev/ttys0" or "/dev/cua0" under root.  Both devices are
present and seem to be correct.  The port works correctly under NT.  If I
try "setserial auto_irq skip_test autoconfig" I receive a "device not found"
error.  If you have guidance here I would be grateful as well.

I thank your for your time.

Regards,

Len Smith
lsmith@systemdynamix.com



From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Thu Jan  6 07:13:05 2000
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To:     "Kevin D. Kissell" <kevink@mips.com>
Cc:     Florian Lohoff <flo@rfc822.org>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Decstation 5000/150 2.3.21 Boot successs
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On Thu, Jan 06, 2000 at 10:12:21AM +0100, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:

> The "setting flush to zero/Unimlemented exception"
> problem is almost certainly due to the fact that the
> DECstation binaries were compiled for R3000-based
> platforms with R3K-style FPUs which have 32 single-precision
> FP regs that can also be treated pairwise as 16
> double-precision registers.  I didn't know that the 5000 line
> had R4000 CPUs in them, but on the basis of your reported
> CPU revision number, that's what you've got.
> 
> The default SGI/MIPS Linux kernel startup sets the
> "FR" bit in the CP0.Status register, which enables
> R4000-style FPU registers, which is to say a full
> compliment of 32 double-precision registers.  This
> has the side-effect of making the kernel incompatible
> with the distributed mipsel binaries and the distributed
> DECstation root file system, since those binaries which
> do double-precision floating point load their initial values
> from memory as two singles.  That works on an R3000
> or an R4000-with-FR=0, but not on an R4000-with-FR=1.
> If FR=1, the data in the registers is garbage, the FP
> ops trap on unimplemented exceptions, which first
> retry the instruction with flush-to-zero mode in a
> desperate hope that that will solve the problem,
> then call the fragmentatary SW emulator in the
> kernel, which only handles a few cases, then
> skip the instruction, printing the console message
> that it "should" have sent a SIGFPE.   Hence the
> output.  And hence the bizzare behaviour of awk,
> ps, and a number of other basic programs that do
> minimal FP as the system comes up (procps?).
> 
> It took me a while to figure this out when I ran into
> it doing a little-endian port of Linux 2.2.12 to an R5260,
> as you might imagine.   Unless things have been drastically
> scrambled for 2.3.x,  the code controlling this is in
> arch/mips/kernel/head.S.   What we did at MIPS was
> to add a config option to determine which FPU model
> is desired.   The truly elegant thing would be to examine
> the a.out file and manage Status.FR dynamically, but
> a quick inspection turned up no clean mechanism in
> the Linux kernel for passing such architecture-dependent
> information from the generic a.out file parsing to the
> thread creation machinery, so that will be a later
> exercise.   Thoward the end of the kernel entry point
> (kernel_entry), our revised code looks a bit like this:

Linux _never_ changes the FR flag.  In fact it's living in the assumption
that once the firmware hands over the control to the kernel the FR flag
has been configured apropriately.  For a 32-bit kernel the binaries available
out there more or less conform to the MIPS ABI which uses the 16/32
register model, that is the kernel expects the FR flag to be cleared.

In firm assumption that due all the practical problems involved with
a non-standard execution model (i.e. 32-bit, o32-style ELF, 32/32
register model and 32-bit gprs) I decieded that in practice nobody will
use this and dumped all the support for it from later 2.3 kernels.  That
is the scheduler will no longer try to handle context switching for
the 32/32 fpr model correctly etc.

If that's desired, how about providing a syscall which allows to manipulate
this and possibly other bits?

Btw...  Thanks for posting.  You pointed my nose at the fact that this bug
actually exists for the 64-bit kernel - and there is actually a real world
bug because we can mix 32-bit and 64-bit binaries.

  Ralf

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Subject: Re: Decstation 5000/150 2.3.21 Boot successs
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-----Original Message-----
From: Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
To: Kevin D. Kissell <kevink@mips.com>
Cc: Florian Lohoff <flo@rfc822.org>; linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
<linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Date: Thursday, January 06, 2000 3:27 PM
Subject: Re: Decstation 5000/150 2.3.21 Boot successs


>On Thu, Jan 06, 2000 at 10:12:21AM +0100, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:
>
>> The "setting flush to zero/Unimlemented exception"
>> problem is almost certainly due to the fact that the
>> DECstation binaries were compiled for R3000-based
>> platforms with R3K-style FPUs which have 32 single-precision
>> FP regs that can also be treated pairwise as 16
>> double-precision registers.  I didn't know that the 5000 line
>> had R4000 CPUs in them, but on the basis of your reported
>> CPU revision number, that's what you've got.
>>
>> The default SGI/MIPS Linux kernel startup sets the
>> "FR" bit in the CP0.Status register, which enables
>> R4000-style FPU registers, which is to say a full
>> compliment of 32 double-precision registers...
...
>Linux _never_ changes the FR flag.  In fact it's living in the assumption
>that once the firmware hands over the control to the kernel the FR flag
>has been configured apropriately.  For a 32-bit kernel the binaries available
>out there more or less conform to the MIPS ABI which uses the 16/32
>register model, that is the kernel expects the FR flag to be cleared.

Thanks for the correction.  Note that the tweak to head.S I suggested
simply adds FR to the bits to be cleared in case they happen to be
set.   My problem evidently was, and Florian's problem probably is, that
the firmware was leaving FR set when Linux booted, and the DECstation
binaries can't handle that configuration.   What I can say with some
confidence is that those odd error messages *will* result if Linux
boots on an R4000 with FR set, and tries to execute DECstation
binaries.

>In firm assumption that due all the practical problems involved with
>a non-standard execution model (i.e. 32-bit, o32-style ELF, 32/32
>register model and 32-bit gprs) I decieded that in practice nobody will
>use this and dumped all the support for it from later 2.3 kernels.  That
>is the scheduler will no longer try to handle context switching for
>the 32/32 fpr model correctly etc.
>
>If that's desired, how about providing a syscall which allows to manipulate
>this and possibly other bits?

I very much prefer the idea of having exec() to the right thing, so
that 32/32 fpr and o32 ABI programs can be mixed and matched
as appropriate - assuming, of course, that there's sufficient information
in the binary header to do the job!  In practical terms, given that
Linux is a multiuser and multitasking system, a syscall that throws
some sort of global switch could only be safely invoked once
at boot time, and as such offers little advantage over hardwired
kernel code.

            Regards,

            Kevin K.



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Subject: Re: Decstation 5000/150 2.3.21 Boot successs
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Kevin D. Kissell writes:
...
 > The default SGI/MIPS Linux kernel startup sets the
 > "FR" bit in the CP0.Status register, which enables
 > R4000-style FPU registers, which is to say a full
 > compliment of 32 double-precision registers.  This
 > has the side-effect of making the kernel incompatible
 > with the distributed mipsel binaries and the distributed
 > DECstation root file system, since those binaries which
 > do double-precision floating point load their initial values
 > from memory as two singles.  That works on an R3000
 > or an R4000-with-FR=0, but not on an R4000-with-FR=1.
...

     Note that the SVR4 MIPS ABI assumes FR=0 (R3000-compatible), as
do SGI IRIX "-32" ("O32") binaries (and, I believe, default gcc
binaries).  SGI IRIX "-n32" and "-n64" binaries assumes FR=1 (R4000-compatible),
and also have a somewhat different register calling convention (which
affects where arguments to system calls reside).



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Cc:     "Kevin D. Kissell" <kevink@mips.com>,
        Florian Lohoff <flo@rfc822.org>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: Re: Decstation 5000/150 2.3.21 Boot successs
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Ralf Baechle writes:
...
 > In firm assumption that due all the practical problems involved with
 > a non-standard execution model (i.e. 32-bit, o32-style ELF, 32/32
 > register model and 32-bit gprs) I decieded that in practice nobody will
 > use this and dumped all the support for it from later 2.3 kernels.  That
 > is the scheduler will no longer try to handle context switching for
 > the 32/32 fpr model correctly etc.
 > 
 > If that's desired, how about providing a syscall which allows to manipulate
 > this and possibly other bits?
 > 
 > Btw...  Thanks for posting.  You pointed my nose at the fact that this bug
 > actually exists for the 64-bit kernel - and there is actually a real world
 > bug because we can mix 32-bit and 64-bit binaries.

      It also applies to -n32 (FR=1 32-bit binaries).  Basically, a complete
kernel implementation has to treat the two cases which different from its own
as "compatibility mode" targets.  That is, if the kernel is "-32" ("O32"),
it has to turn on FR=1 for those processes currently executing a "-n32" binary
and off for those executing a "-32" binary.  That is, exec has to change
the desired FR value, and context switching to and from user mode has to
save and restore it.

     One other issue is that UX should always be set, to allow use of
MIPS3 instructions, and that XX (bit 31) should be set on R5000 and
R10000 processors, to enable MIPS4 instructions.  This in turn means
that, to avoid various illegal address exceptions, the VM system
should not allow a 32-bit user program to map anything into the top 32
KB of the user address space.

     The problem has to do with some compilers using integer
arithmetic to compute a base for some variables in the current stack
frame, and then using negative displacements to address the variables,
for cases where the stack frame exceeds 32 KB, but is located near the
top of memory.  The 32-bit unsigned integer add to, say, 0x7fffff00
(64-bit address 0x000000007fffff00) produces a signed 32-bit value
such as 0x80000f00, which is the 64-bit value 0xffffffff80000f00,
since all 32-bit values, signed or unsigned, are stored as 32-bit
signed values sign-extended to 64 bits.  When you do a load with a
negative offset of, say, -0x1000, you get an address
0xffffffff7fffff00, not 0x000000007fffff00.  With UX=0, this would be
fine, but, with UX=1 (to enable MIPS3 instructions), the above address
is illegal.  If the $sp is always at least 32 KB below the top of the
address space, this problem does not arise, since any such intermediate
pointer generated by the compiler will always be below 0x80000000.

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On Thu, Jan 06, 2000 at 04:19:27PM +0100, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:

> >If that's desired, how about providing a syscall which allows to manipulate
> >this and possibly other bits?
> 
> I very much prefer the idea of having exec() to the right thing, so
> that 32/32 fpr and o32 ABI programs can be mixed and matched
> as appropriate - assuming, of course, that there's sufficient information
> in the binary header to do the job!  In practical terms, given that
> Linux is a multiuser and multitasking system, a syscall that throws
> some sort of global switch could only be safely invoked once
> at boot time, and as such offers little advantage over hardwired
> kernel code.

I was suggesting such a syscall because embedded people have asked me about
making the 32/32 fpr model available to `normal' o32 code.  N32 won't work
for them for practical reasons (linker tooo buggy) and 64-bit ABI is
unacceptable for size / tlb / cache reasons.

For the general case you're of course right, exec() should do the right
thing.  And modulo the bug we're discussing here the 32-bit kernel already
does the right thing to handle the general case.

  Ralf

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Ralf Baechle writes:
 > On Thu, Jan 06, 2000 at 04:19:27PM +0100, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:
 > 
 > > >If that's desired, how about providing a syscall which allows to manipulate
 > > >this and possibly other bits?
 > > 
 > > I very much prefer the idea of having exec() to the right thing, so
 > > that 32/32 fpr and o32 ABI programs can be mixed and matched
 > > as appropriate - assuming, of course, that there's sufficient information
 > > in the binary header to do the job!  In practical terms, given that
 > > Linux is a multiuser and multitasking system, a syscall that throws
 > > some sort of global switch could only be safely invoked once
 > > at boot time, and as such offers little advantage over hardwired
 > > kernel code.
 > 
 > I was suggesting such a syscall because embedded people have asked me about
 > making the 32/32 fpr model available to `normal' o32 code.  N32 won't work
 > for them for practical reasons (linker tooo buggy) and 64-bit ABI is
 > unacceptable for size / tlb / cache reasons.

       It could work, but only for very carefully constructed code.
The regular gcc code generation (and matching glibc) for o32 will give
wrong answers with FR=1.  If people really want "o32" with FR=1, then
they need to build yet another binary type, "o32FR1" or some such, with
different code generation rules.  Fundamentally, any code which loads
a double using a pair of lwc1 instructions will get the wrong answer
if FR=1.

 > For the general case you're of course right, exec() should do the right
 > thing.  And modulo the bug we're discussing here the 32-bit kernel already
 > does the right thing to handle the general case.
 > 
 >   Ralf

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I seem to be having problems with the compiler in getting a  c/assembly
listing.  I have tried a couple sets of the tools and seem to be
getting the same error with both sets.  Is my syntax correct on the line
below?  Its the -Wa,-a=pc_keyb.lst that seems to cause the
problem.

mips-linux-gcc -D__KERNEL__ -I/home/jharrell/work/mips_linux/include -g
-Wa,-a=pc_keyb.lst -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wa,-a -O2
-fomit-frame-pointer  -G 0 -mno-abicalls -fno-pic -mcpu=r4600 -mips3
-pipe   -c -o pc_keyb.o pc_keyb.c


This is the error that I get when I attempt it:

pc_keyb.c: In function `kb_wait':
pc_keyb.c:103: warning: unused variable `status'
{standard input}: Assembler messages:
{standard input}:565: Fatal error: Symbol kb_wait already defined.


Is there a formatting problem with this command?  Any help would be
greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Jeff

--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jeff Harrell                    Work:  (801) 619-6104
Broadband Access group/TI
jharrell@ti.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~




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ok, my knowlegde of gnu/linux is not to bad and know i want to change to an
non-x86-architecture and then i've heard about sgi and running linux on
some sgi-workstations.
i'm searching an inexpensive, maybe older, machine with an very strong fpu
for running e.g. povray.
i could also help porting some software, if it is not to hard ( i'm good
at pascal("THE language") and i also know some things of c("love it or hate
it") )

any ideas?

   stefan

-- 
Sent through Global Message Exchange - http://www.gmx.net


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Subject: Re: Decstation 5000/150 2.3.21 Boot successs
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On 06-Jan-00 William J. Earl wrote:
>      Note that the SVR4 MIPS ABI assumes FR=0 (R3000-compatible), as
> do SGI IRIX "-32" ("O32") binaries (and, I believe, default gcc
> binaries).  SGI IRIX "-n32" and "-n64" binaries assumes FR=1
> (R4000-compatible), and also have a somewhat different register calling
> convention (which affects where arguments to system calls reside).

Wouldn't it make sense then if we made FR=0 the default for Linux/MIPS?

---
Regards,
Harald

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On Fri, Jan 07, 2000 at 09:23:13AM -0700, Jeff Harrell wrote:

> I seem to be having problems with the compiler in getting a  c/assembly
> listing.  I have tried a couple sets of the tools and seem to be
> getting the same error with both sets.  Is my syntax correct on the line
> below?  Its the -Wa,-a=pc_keyb.lst that seems to cause the
> problem.
> 
> mips-linux-gcc -D__KERNEL__ -I/home/jharrell/work/mips_linux/include -g
> -Wa,-a=pc_keyb.lst -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wa,-a -O2
> -fomit-frame-pointer  -G 0 -mno-abicalls -fno-pic -mcpu=r4600 -mips3
> -pipe   -c -o pc_keyb.o pc_keyb.c
> 
> 
> This is the error that I get when I attempt it:
> 
> pc_keyb.c: In function `kb_wait':
> pc_keyb.c:103: warning: unused variable `status'
> {standard input}: Assembler messages:
> {standard input}:565: Fatal error: Symbol kb_wait already defined.
> 
> 
> Is there a formatting problem with this command?  Any help would be
> greatly appreciated.

This is weird.  You pass an extra option to the assembler and the
compiler begins to spit errors?  Try adding -v as well and check gcc
actually passes down to cpp / cc1 / as, maybe that explains things.

  Ralf

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On Fri, Jan 07, 2000 at 08:09:05PM +0100, Harald Koerfgen wrote:

> On 06-Jan-00 William J. Earl wrote:
> >      Note that the SVR4 MIPS ABI assumes FR=0 (R3000-compatible), as
> > do SGI IRIX "-32" ("O32") binaries (and, I believe, default gcc
> > binaries).  SGI IRIX "-n32" and "-n64" binaries assumes FR=1
> > (R4000-compatible), and also have a somewhat different register calling
> > convention (which affects where arguments to system calls reside).
> 
> Wouldn't it make sense then if we made FR=0 the default for Linux/MIPS?

Obviously; you can clear that flag painless somewhere in
arch/mips/kernel/traps.c only for those CPUs that actually have it.

  Ralf

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Harald Koerfgen writes:
 > 
 > On 06-Jan-00 William J. Earl wrote:
 > >      Note that the SVR4 MIPS ABI assumes FR=0 (R3000-compatible), as
 > > do SGI IRIX "-32" ("O32") binaries (and, I believe, default gcc
 > > binaries).  SGI IRIX "-n32" and "-n64" binaries assumes FR=1
 > > (R4000-compatible), and also have a somewhat different register calling
 > > convention (which affects where arguments to system calls reside).
 > 
 > Wouldn't it make sense then if we made FR=0 the default for Linux/MIPS?

      FR should be tied to the compilation model, which is reflected
in the magic number of the executable.  For "-32" ("O32"), FR must be 0.
That is, there is no need for default; exec should set FR appropriately.

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Sat Jan  8 15:23:27 2000
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So how insane would I be if I tried to compile binutils 2.9.5.0.22 and gcc
2.95.2 on my own to build a i386-hosted cross-compiler for playing with
Linux on my I2 R4400?

or should I just stick to the stuff on oss.sgi.com?

john.c
- --
/* John Clemens     http://www.rpi.edu/~clemej _/ "I Hate Quotes"       */
/* ICQ: 7175925     clemej@rpi.edu           _/    -- Samuel L. Clemens */ 
/* RPI Comp. Eng. 2000, Linux Parallel/Network/OS/Driver Specialist     */


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On Sat, Jan 08, 2000 at 06:12:19PM -0500, John Michael Clemens wrote:

> So how insane would I be if I tried to compile binutils 2.9.5.0.22 and gcc
> 2.95.2 on my own to build a i386-hosted cross-compiler for playing with
> Linux on my I2 R4400?

No chance with these versions.

> or should I just stick to the stuff on oss.sgi.com?

Yes.

  Ralf

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Hello,

    Is it possible to use code from the GGI project to solve the X
windows server problem (rather than using XFree86 code)??

Regards,

Bill Halchin
______________________________________________________
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On Mon, Jan 10, 2000 at 03:05:51PM -0800, Bill Halchin wrote:

>     Is it possible to use code from the GGI project to solve the X
> windows server problem (rather than using XFree86 code)??

In theory yes.

  Ralf

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On Mon, Jan 10, 2000 at 03:05:51PM -0800, Bill Halchin wrote:
>
> >     Is it possible to use code from the GGI project to solve the X
> > windows server problem (rather than using XFree86 code)??
>
>In theory yes.
>
>   Ralf

Ralf,

  What I am saying is why don't we try this approach.

Bill

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From:   Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
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	Hi,

We are considering porting Linux to a R5000-based board.

I built a cross-compiler according to the guidelines in the MIPS-HOWTO and it
was a piece of cake.

Now I'm wondering which kernel sources you suggest to start a port with. I
tried the one from :pserver:cvs@linus.linux.sgi.com:/cvs (2.3.21) but
compilation stopped due to a problem in serial.c (I compiled for
CONFIG_ACER_PICA_61, just to see whether the tree worked).

Thanks in advance!

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds


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Subject: Re: X server
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> Ralf,
>   What I am saying is why don't we try this approach.

"we". I have this cool idea - "You" 

Actually  for an Indy X server your best model is still the 8514 driver in XFree


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This message is in MIME format
--_=XFMail.1.3.p0.Linux:000111191551:230=_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

Hi Geert,

On 11-Jan-00 Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> We are considering porting Linux to a R5000-based board.

Just beeing curious, what board?

> Now I'm wondering which kernel sources you suggest to start a port with. I
> tried the one from :pserver:cvs@linus.linux.sgi.com:/cvs (2.3.21) but
> compilation stopped due to a problem in serial.c (I compiled for
> CONFIG_ACER_PICA_61, just to see whether the tree worked).

This source tree as absolutely correct to start with. The attached patch should
fix the complilation problem.

---
Regards,
Harald

--_=XFMail.1.3.p0.Linux:000111191551:230=_
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="serial-patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: serial-patch
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; name=serial-patch; SizeOnDisk=301

--- /nfs/cvs/linux-2.3/linux/include/asm-mips/serial.h	Thu Aug 27 00:40:50 1998
+++ linux-idt/include/asm-mips/serial.h	Wed Jan  5 21:09:20 2000
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
 #define ACCENT_FLAGS 0
 #define BOCA_FLAGS 0
 #define HUB6_FLAGS 0
+#define RS_TABLE_SIZE	64
+#else
+#define RS_TABLE_SIZE
 #endif
 
 /*

--_=XFMail.1.3.p0.Linux:000111191551:230=_--
End of MIME message

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Alan Cox writes:
 > > Ralf,
 > >   What I am saying is why don't we try this approach.
 > 
 > "we". I have this cool idea - "You" 
 > 
 > Actually  for an Indy X server your best model is still the 8514 driver in XFree

      That sounds right to me as well.  The problem with fbcon or GGI
is that the Indy graphics hardware does not have a CPU-addressable
frame buffer.  You can always fake one in main memory, and DMA any
modified portions to the real frame buffer, but a naive implementation
would use more memory bandwidth than is available and a clever
implementation would incur a lot of VM overhead (and still use a lot
of bandwidth).  Starting from an X server designed for hardware without
an addressable frame buffer is more appropriate.
  


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On Tue, Jan 11, 2000 at 11:34:39AM -0800, William J. Earl wrote:

>  > > Ralf,
>  > >   What I am saying is why don't we try this approach.
>  > 
>  > "we". I have this cool idea - "You" 
>  > 
>  > Actually  for an Indy X server your best model is still the 8514 driver in XFree
> 
>       That sounds right to me as well.  The problem with fbcon or GGI
> is that the Indy graphics hardware does not have a CPU-addressable
> frame buffer.  You can always fake one in main memory, and DMA any
> modified portions to the real frame buffer, but a naive implementation
> would use more memory bandwidth than is available and a clever
> implementation would incur a lot of VM overhead (and still use a lot
> of bandwidth).  Starting from an X server designed for hardware without
> an addressable frame buffer is more appropriate.

As I remember GGI has been improved such that it also can handle things
like a 8514 or Newport card.  That still doesn't invalidate other
reasons why GGI isn't such a good idea.  That said, Alan's suggestion
is the right one.

  Ralf

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Wed Jan 12 01:08:09 2000
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On Tue, 11 Jan 2000, Harald Koerfgen wrote:
> > Now I'm wondering which kernel sources you suggest to start a port with. I
> > tried the one from :pserver:cvs@linus.linux.sgi.com:/cvs (2.3.21) but
> > compilation stopped due to a problem in serial.c (I compiled for
> > CONFIG_ACER_PICA_61, just to see whether the tree worked).
> 
> This source tree as absolutely correct to start with. The attached patch should
> fix the complilation problem.

Thanks! But unfortunately it doesn't fix all problems:

serial.c: In function `line_info':
serial.c:3078: warning: long unsigned int format, unsigned int arg (arg 5)
serial.c: In function `autoconfig':
serial.c:3430: `ASYNC_IOC3' undeclared (first use this function)
serial.c:3430: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
serial.c:3430: for each function it appears in.)
serial.c: In function `rs_init':
serial.c:3999: `ASYNC_IOC3' undeclared (first use this function)
serial.c:4015: warning: long unsigned int format, unsigned int arg (arg 4)

I think some #ifdef CONFIG_SGI_IP27/#endif is missing there.

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds


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	Hi again,

First of all I would like to thank everyone who replied to my question!

In the mean time I managed to get until setup_arch() (which is after the
printing of the Linux banner :-). However, I'm seeing some very weird things: I
had to #if 0/#endif all code in setup_arch() starting with `strncpy
(command_line, arcs_cmdline, CL_SIZE);', or the system crashes right after

    Loading R4000 MMU routines

(yes, this is before setup_arch()!).

I suspect the ELF loader in PMON to be buggy. I also had to disable all __init
stuff before, because functions marked __init ended up as all `nop' after
tftpboot.  

I thought PMON may have problems with large images, so I disabled some more
config options for stuff I don't need at this stage, but now the #if 0/#endif
trick no longer works neither :-(

Note that I now know I can see `in advance' whether an image will work or not
(read: suffers from the above problem): PMON seems to coalesce two sections
when things go wrong.

Loading a working image using tftpboot:

    Loading elf file: xxx.yyy.zzz.qqq:geert/vmlinux
     0x80080000/1101820 + 0x8018e000/90656 + 0x801a4220/352320 + 2097 syms/
    Entry address is 80080580

Loading a non-working image using tftpboot:

    Loading elf file: xxx.yyy.zzz.qqq:geert/vmlinux
      0x80080000/1192432 + 0x801a31f0/352400 + 2097 syms/
    Entry address is 80080580

`objdump --headers' or `objdump --disassemble-all' don't show anything
suspicious.

I'm using gcc version egcs-2.90.27 980315 (egcs-1.0.2 release) and binutils
version 2.8.1 (mipsel-linux), using BFD version 2.8.1, compiled as crossutils
under Solaris/SPARC from binutils-2.8.1-2.src.rpm and egcs-1.0.2-9.src.rpm.

Anyone with a clue? Thx!

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds


From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Wed Jan 12 08:58:20 2000
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Date:   Wed, 12 Jan 2000 11:27:41 -0500 (EST)
From:   Vince Weaver <weave@eng.umd.edu>
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Hello

I am trying to compile a kernel to boot on an Indigo2 I have access too.

I installed the rpm's of the mips cross-compile tools from oss.sgi.com, 
and got the latest CVS kernel [at about 10am EST today].

the compile fails at the end with this:

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/vince/sgi/linux/arch/mips/lib'
mips-linux-ld -static -G 0 -N -T arch/mips/ld.script.little -Ttext 0x88002000 
arch/mips/kernel/head.o arch/mips/kernel/init_task.o init/main.o
init/version.o \
        --start-group \
        arch/mips/kernel/kernel.o arch/mips/mm/mm.o kernel/kernel.o
mm/mm.o fs/fs.o ipc/ipc.o \
        fs/filesystems.a \
        net/network.a \
        drivers/block/block.a drivers/char/char.o drivers/misc/misc.o
drivers/parport/parport.a drivers/net/net.a drivers/scsi/scsi.a
drivers/cdrom/cdrom.a drivers/sgi/sgi.a drivers/video/video.a \
        arch/mips/lib/lib.a /home/vince/sgi/linux/lib/lib.a
arch/mips/sgi/kernel/sgikern.a arch/mips/arc/arclib.a \
        --end-group \
        -o vmlinux
mips-linux-ld: arch/mips/kernel/head.o: compiled for a big endian system
and target is little endian
mips-linux-ld: arch/mips/kernel/init_task.o: compiled for a big endian
system and target is little endian
.......

and the last error repeats for a bunch of files

if I change in the config file from little-endian to big endian I get the
same error in reverse, a bunch of files compiled for a little endian
system and the target is big endian.

is there an easy fix to this? am I missing something obvious?

Vince

____________
\  /\  /\  /  Vince Weaver          
 \/__\/__\/   weave@eng.umd.edu     http://www.glue.umd.edu/~weave


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Hello again

OK, I got things to compile [I hadn't done enough "make clean"'s it would
seem]

after copying the created vmlinux file to / on the machine [it is running
Irix 6.5] I then rebooted into the BootProm and told it to
"boot vmlinux"

It then gave this:

[------------------------------------]

134480+22592+3216+341792+49040d+4460+6704 entry: 0x8dfa5fa0

Exception: <vector=Normal>
Status register: 0x30044803<CU1,CU0,CH,IM7,IM4,IPL=???,MODE=KERNEL,EXL,IE>
Cause register: 0x3010<LE=0,IP6,IP5,EXL=RADE>
Exception PC: 0x88147eec
Read address error exception, bad address: 0x2b
Local I/O interrupt register 1: 0x80 <VR/GIO2>
Local I/O interrupt register 2: 0xc0 <SLOT0,SLOT1>
  Saved user regs in hex (&gpda 0xa8740e48, &_regs 0xa8741048):
  tmp: 881be090 881be090 a 88150864 13 8dfabd30 0 48
  sve: 8dfde8e4 8dfff908 8dfb0b00 8dfff300 a8747590 9fc4a744 0 9fc4a744
  t8 48 t9 8dfffb8f at 88150000 v0 0 v1 8dfff2e0 k1 bad11bad
  gp 88008000 fp 9fc4a88c sp 88009fd0 ra 880025d0

PANIC: Unexpected exception

[-------------------------------]

Typed that in by hand, hope there are no mistakes

if I look up the PC in the System.map file I find

0000000088147eec T sgi_sysinit

and if I do an objdump I find:

0000000088147eec <sgi_sysinit>:
    88147eec:   27bdffd0        addiu   $sp,$sp,-48
    88147ef0:   afb20018        sw      $s2,24($sp)
    88147ef4:   00009021        move    $s2,$zero
    88147ef8:   afb10014        sw      $s1,20($sp)
    88147efc:   2411ffff        li      $s1,-1
    88147f00:   02402021        move    $a0,$s2
    88147f04:   afbf0028        sw      $ra,40($sp)
    88147f08:   afb50024        sw      $s5,36($sp)
    88147f0c:   afb40020        sw      $s4,32($sp)
    88147f10:   afb3001c        sw      $s3,28($sp)
    88147f14:   0e0522de        jal     88148b78 <prom_getchild>
    .....
    continues for a while

any hints what might be wrong?  I can send a .config to anyone who might
want it.

The cross compiler tools are from the i386/mips-linux .rpm file on
oss.sgi.com....

The system I am trying this on is an Indigo2:

orws1:/disk3/usr/people/vince$ hinv
CPU: MIPS R4000 Processor Chip Revision: 3.0
FPU: MIPS R4000 Floating Point Coprocessor Revision: 0.0
1 100 MHZ IP22 Processor
Main memory size: 96 Mbytes
Secondary unified instruction/data cache size: 1 Mbyte on Processor 0
Instruction cache size: 8 Kbytes
Data cache size: 8 Kbytes
Integral SCSI controller 0: Version WD33C93B, revision D
  Disk drive: unit 1 on SCSI controller 0
  Tape drive: unit 2 on SCSI controller 0: DAT
  Disk drive: unit 3 on SCSI controller 0
Integral SCSI controller 1: Version WD33C93B, revision D
On-board serial ports: 2
On-board bi-directional parallel port
Graphics board: GU1-Extreme
Integral Ethernet: ec0, version 1
Iris Audio Processor: version A2 revision 0.1.0
EISA bus: adapter 0

Vince

____________
\  /\  /\  /  Vince Weaver          
 \/__\/__\/   weave@eng.umd.edu     http://www.glue.umd.edu/~weave


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Ugh.. turns out I missed a faq.

Just went into arch/mips and removed -N from the Makefile, and it worked
like a charm... I've been trying to get Linux on this box off and on for 2
years... ;)  Now time to get the Personal Iris working ;)

thanks for the help everyone,
Vince

____________
\  /\  /\  /  Vince Weaver          
 \/__\/__\/   weave@eng.umd.edu     http://www.glue.umd.edu/~weave



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On Wed, Jan 12, 2000 at 09:57:41AM +0100, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:

> Thanks! But unfortunately it doesn't fix all problems:
> 
> serial.c: In function `line_info':
> serial.c:3078: warning: long unsigned int format, unsigned int arg (arg 5)
> serial.c: In function `autoconfig':
> serial.c:3430: `ASYNC_IOC3' undeclared (first use this function)
> serial.c:3430: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
> serial.c:3430: for each function it appears in.)
> serial.c: In function `rs_init':
> serial.c:3999: `ASYNC_IOC3' undeclared (first use this function)
> serial.c:4015: warning: long unsigned int format, unsigned int arg (arg 4)
> 
> I think some #ifdef CONFIG_SGI_IP27/#endif is missing there.

Thanks for reporting!  What's actually missing is the definition of this
flag in include/linux/serial.h.

  Ralf

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	Hi,

As Ralf pointed out, my ELF loader problems were caused by the `-N' linker
option, triggering a bug in binutils 2.8.1.

FYI, I get until `Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs' now.

I used the R5000 CP0_COUNTER/CP0_COMPARE registers for the timer interrupt. I
know it's not accurate, but it's better than nothing. I still have to figure
out how more complex interrupts work in the MIPS source tree.

Now we just have to do interrupts and PCI probing, and we're finished :-)

The board has the 16 standard i8259 interrupts, and 15 additional interrupts on
the host bridge. The i8259 is cascaded through one interrupt of the host
bridge, similar to the cascading through the OpenPIC on my CHRP board.
PCI is not connected to the i8259, but to the host bridge.

I can program the host bridge to map any interrupt to any of the CPU interrupts
(#0-#5 or NMI). I think the simplest way is to route them all through #0. Or do
you think it's better not to do that, and e.g. route the timer interrupt (after
I moved it from CP0_COUNTER/CP0_COMPARE to the PC style timer) to a different
interrupt? Instead of the PC style timer, I could also use the general purpose
timer in the host bridge.

Thx!

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds



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Hello again

I was trying to see if I could get this Indigo2 to display that it is an
Indigo2 under /proc/cpuinfo [instead of current behavior, which assumes
all SGI's are indy's].

I thought that maybe I could get the PROM to tell me this info, using code
like this

    #include <asm/sgialib.h>

    struct linux_sysid *mree;

    mree=prom_getsysid();
    printk("Vendor: %s     Prod: %s\n",mree->vend,mree->prod);


the vendor is returned as SGI, but the "prod" just returns the serial
number [which seems to be just the last few octets of the MAC address of
the ethernet card].  

Is it possible to figure out what system type it is from this info?  Is
there another way to find out sgi system type?  Or is this just not
possible?

Vince
____________
\  /\  /\  /  Vince Weaver          
 \/__\/__\/   weave@eng.umd.edu     http://www.glue.umd.edu/~weave


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Hello All,

I was wondering what the status was of the effort to build a beowulf 
cluster using Indigo2's. 

kind regards,

avi

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Avi Bercovich                                      bercovic@swi.psy.uva.nl
Sinjeur Semeynsstraat 9          Dept. of Social Science Informatics (SWI)
1183LD Amstelveen                                  University of Amsterdam     



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Vince Weaver wrote:
> 
> Hello again
> 
> I was trying to see if I could get this Indigo2 to display that it is an
> Indigo2 under /proc/cpuinfo [instead of current behavior, which assumes
> all SGI's are indy's].
>
> Is it possible to figure out what system type it is from this info?  Is
> there another way to find out sgi system type?  Or is this just not
> possible?

Howdy Vince!

I can give you a bit of info but I am not sure how helpful it will be.

Booting into the IRIX command monitor (esc on boot)
               To perform system maintenance instead, press <Esc>

(then option 5)
System Maintenance Menu
5) Enter Command Monitor

You have available the hinv command:
>> hinv
                   System: IP22
                Processor: 200 Mhz R4400, with FPU
     Primary I-cache size: 16 Kbytes
     Primary D-cache size: 16 Kbytes
     Secondary cache size: 1024 Kbytes
              Memory size: 128 Mbytes
                 Graphics: Indy 8-bit
                SCSI Disk: scsi(0)disk(1)
                SCSI Disk: scsi(0)disk(2)
                SCSI Disk: scsi(0)disk(3)
                SCSI Disk: scsi(0)disk(6)
                    Audio: Iris Audio Processor: version A2 revision
4.1.0
Also try:
hinv -v
hinv -t
hinv -v -t 
hinv -t -p
hinv -v -t -p

The problem is that IP22 could be an Indy or an Indigo/2. Even under
IRIX if you run hinv it doesn't tell you that a system is an Indy or
an Indigo/2. Your only clues come from knowing additional bits about
what is or is not Indy or I2 hardware.  For example you would never
see Impact graphics on an Indy and you would never see an Indy 8-bit
graphics board on an Indigo/2 (although there were 8 bit boards on an
Indigo/2 - I have been looking aorund internally to see if I can find
one to see what it actually reports at command monitor for graphics).
Further confusion would be to try and identify an older Indigo with an
R4000 upgrade from an Indy.

If you actually got booted to IRIX, you would have even more options
available using the "-c" option to hinv:

Option requires an argument -- c
usage: hinv {-v -m -s -c class -t type -d dev -u unit -a file}
       where class can be:
           processor
           disk
           memory
           serial
           parallel
           tape
           graphics
           network
           scsi
           audio
           iobd
           video
           bus
           misc
           compression
           vscsi
           display
           unconnected scsi lun
           PCI card
           PCI no driver
           prom
           IEEE1394
           rps
           tpu
       type can be:
           fpu
           cpu
           dcache
           icache
           memory
           qic
           a2
           dsp
       dev can be:
           cdsio
           aso
           ec
           et
           ee
           ecf
           ef
           eg
           enp
           fxp
           ep
           hy
           ipg
           rns
           xpi
           fv
           gtr
           mtr
           mtr
           atm
           hippi
           vfe
           gfe
           gsn
           divo
           xthd

but again, hinv -c processor will only tell you that it is an IP22 :

Indy1 % hinv -c processor 
1 200 MHZ IP22 Processor
FPU: MIPS R4000 Floating Point Coprocessor Revision: 0.0
CPU: MIPS R4000 Processor Chip Revision: 2.2

Indy2 % hinv -c processor
CPU: MIPS R4600 Processor Chip Revision: 2.0
FPU: MIPS R4600 Floating Point Coprocessor Revision: 2.0
1 133 MHZ IP22 Processor

ChalS% hinv -c processor
CPU: MIPS R4400 Processor Chip Revision: 6.0
FPU: MIPS R4000 Floating Point Coprocessor Revision: 0.0
1 200 MHZ IP22 Processor

Indigo2 % hinv -c processor
CPU: MIPS R4400 Processor Chip Revision: 6.0
FPU: MIPS R4000 Floating Point Coprocessor Revision: 0.0
1 250 MHZ IP22 Processor

Where graphics would yield more information:
Indy1 % hinv -c graphics
Graphics board: Indy 8-bit

Indy2 % hinv -c graphics
Graphics board: Indy 24-bit

Indigo2% hinv -c graphics
Graphics board: Solid Impact

I am asking around internally to see what if  any portions of kernel
probe related code might be releaseable but the problem with even
attempting that (from the few limited conversations I have had with
kernel engineers) is that none of the IRIX hardware identification
code is in one central place. It is really all over the place and
dynamically builds this type of information in the hardware graph unde
IRIX based on all of the hardware the kernel finds in the system.

Short of identifying every possible piece of SGI hardware and doing
the same kinds of things under Linux as are done in IRIX to build the
hardware graph, I think this is probably going to be a fairly
difficult proposition. I am BCC'ing a few people on this message in
hope that they may respond to you singularly with additional
information.

I wish I could tell you more. I will let you knwo if I do find
something more useful.

Eric.


-- 
.--------1---------2---------3---------4---------5---------6---------7.
  Eric Kimminau           eak@sgi.com       SGI Extranet Services
      Vox:650-933-6441  Fax:248-618-9178  VNET:6-933-6441  
              "I speak my mind and no one else's."
 "I am a bomb technician. If you see me running, try to keep up..."
                    http://support.sgi.com

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I too have been working on getting my Indigo2 to boot... and now that I
seem to have mine working as well, I can move on to actually helping.  

Now that the EISA stuff is in the kernel, should it now be possible to
write video drivers (framebuffers, console drivers, X servers) for the
Indigo2's???.. Having said that, I have GR3-Elan (XZ) graphics on mine,
can someone tell me where I can find the specs to start hacking up at
least a framebuffer for this?  techpubs.sgi.com doesn't seem to have much
info... is this info even availabe to those outside for SGI?

Also, can someone warn me about what dangers (if any) there will be to my
*VERY NICE* Sony GDM17E21 if I start playing around with video timings and
suff?  The last thing I need is to kill my only really nice monitor that I
use for my PC's and my SGI...

Any info would be MUCH appreciated.
john.c

- --
/* John Clemens     http://www.rpi.edu/~clemej _/ "I Hate Quotes"       */
/* ICQ: 7175925     clemej@rpi.edu           _/    -- Samuel L. Clemens */ 
/* RPI Comp. Eng. 2000, Linux Parallel/Network/OS/Driver Specialist     */


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> I am asking around internally to see what if  any portions of kernel
> probe related code might be releaseable but the problem with even
> attempting that (from the few limited conversations I have had with
> kernel engineers) is that none of the IRIX hardware identification
> code is in one central place. It is really all over the place and
> dynamically builds this type of information in the hardware graph unde
> IRIX based on all of the hardware the kernel finds in the system.

OK, I've done a tiny bit of research on the web, and this is what would be
useful:

a way of finding the hardware IP as opposed to the software IP
    i.e., according to the SGI HARDWARE FAQ, while hinv reports
          both indy's and indigo2's as IP22, hardware wise
          the indy has an IP24 motherboard...

what ranges of serial numbers the various hardware have
    i.e., both of our indigo2's have serial numbers starting
          with 69:07, but that could be co-incidence because
          I am sure they were purchased at the same time.  
          ( the personal IRIS starts with E0:48 and the giant
          Crimson looks like A0:08 )

anyway I guess this isn't the most critical of problems, I was just
interested in having /proc/cpuinfo display it correctly [and thus, have
linux_logo show it correctly as well].

Thanks

Vince





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Eric Kimminau writes:
 > Vince Weaver wrote:
 > > 
 > > Hello again
 > > 
 > > I was trying to see if I could get this Indigo2 to display that it is an
 > > Indigo2 under /proc/cpuinfo [instead of current behavior, which assumes
 > > all SGI's are indy's].
 > >
 > > Is it possible to figure out what system type it is from this info?  Is
 > > there another way to find out sgi system type?  Or is this just not
 > > possible?
...
 > The problem is that IP22 could be an Indy or an Indigo/2. Even under
 > IRIX if you run hinv it doesn't tell you that a system is an Indy or
 > an Indigo/2. Your only clues come from knowing additional bits about
 > what is or is not Indy or I2 hardware.  For example you would never
 > see Impact graphics on an Indy and you would never see an Indy 8-bit
 > graphics board on an Indigo/2 (although there were 8 bit boards on an
 > Indigo/2 - I have been looking aorund internally to see if I can find
 > one to see what it actually reports at command monitor for graphics).
 > Further confusion would be to try and identify an older Indigo with an
 > R4000 upgrade from an Indy.

      One key difference is that Indigo2 always has an EISA bus and
Indy never does.  

      Note that the Linux kernel (like the IRIX kernel) has a way of
detecting the difference, since it needs to know which box it is
running on, so you could just get the kernel to export the data via
/proc somewhere.  The kernel variable "sgi_guiness" is 1 if the system
is an Indy ("Guinness") and 0 if the system is an Indigo2
("FullHouse").  Look at the file indy_hpc.c to see how this is detected.



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Subject: Re: identifying sgi system type under Linux [patch]
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>       Note that the Linux kernel (like the IRIX kernel) has a way of
> detecting the difference, since it needs to know which box it is
> running on, so you could just get the kernel to export the data via
> /proc somewhere.  The kernel variable "sgi_guiness" is 1 if the system
> is an Indy ("Guinness") and 0 if the system is an Indigo2
> ("FullHouse").  Look at the file indy_hpc.c to see how this is detected.

thanks, this is what I needed!  It works (at least for me!)

Here is the patch, I'd like someone with and Indy to try and be sure it
works all around....

bash# cat /proc/cpuinfo
cpu                     : MIPS
cpu model               : R4000SC V3.0
system type             : SGI Indigo2
BogoMIPS                : 49.87
byteorder               : big endian
unaligned accesses      : 0
wait instruction        : no
microsecond timers      : no
extra interrupt vector  : no
hardware watchpoint     : yes
VCED exceptions         : 38
VCEI exceptions         : 56

[---------------]

patch against CVS as of yesterday....


--- ./linux/include/asm-mips/bootinfo.old.h	Thu Jan 13 12:29:17 2000
+++ ./linux/include/asm-mips/bootinfo.h	Thu Jan 13 12:29:42 2000
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@
  * Valid machtype for group SGI
  */
 #define MACH_SGI_INDY		0	/* R4?K and R5K Indy workstaions */
-
-#define GROUP_SGI_NAMES { "Indy" }
+#define MACH_SGI_INDIGO2	1
+#define GROUP_SGI_NAMES { "Indy", "Indigo2" }
 
 /*
  * Valid machtype for group COBALT
--- ./linux/arch/mips/arc/identify.old.c	Thu Jan 13 12:45:18 2000
+++ ./linux/arch/mips/arc/identify.c	Thu Jan 13 16:26:27 2000
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <asm/sgi/sgi.h>
 #include <asm/sgialib.h>
 #include <asm/bootinfo.h>
+#include <asm/sgi/sgihpc.h>
 
 struct smatch {
     char *name;
@@ -60,9 +61,9 @@
     p = prom_getchild(PROM_NULL_COMPONENT);
     printk("ARCH: %s\n", p->iname);
     mach = string_to_mach(p->iname);
-
+   
     mips_machgroup = mach->group;
-    mips_machtype = mach->type;
+    mips_machtype = !sgi_guiness;
     prom_flags = mach->flags;
 }
 


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Vince Weaver writes:
 > Hello again
 > 
 > I was trying to see if I could get this Indigo2 to display that it is an
 > Indigo2 under /proc/cpuinfo [instead of current behavior, which assumes
 > all SGI's are indy's].
 > 
 > I thought that maybe I could get the PROM to tell me this info, using code
 > like this
 > 
 >     #include <asm/sgialib.h>
 > 
 >     struct linux_sysid *mree;
 > 
 >     mree=prom_getsysid();
 >     printk("Vendor: %s     Prod: %s\n",mree->vend,mree->prod);
 > 
 > 
 > the vendor is returned as SGI, but the "prod" just returns the serial
 > number [which seems to be just the last few octets of the MAC address of
 > the ethernet card].  
 > 
 > Is it possible to figure out what system type it is from this info?  Is
 > there another way to find out sgi system type?  Or is this just not
 > possible?

      It is possible, but only with a database of serial numbers which
is not readily available.  The simple way is to have the kernel export
the value of the "sgi_guiness" variable somehow, presumably via /proc.


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Subject: Re: XZ graphics specs...
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John Michael Clemens writes:
 > 
 > I too have been working on getting my Indigo2 to boot... and now that I
 > seem to have mine working as well, I can move on to actually helping.  
 > 
 > Now that the EISA stuff is in the kernel, should it now be possible to
 > write video drivers (framebuffers, console drivers, X servers) for the
 > Indigo2's???.. Having said that, I have GR3-Elan (XZ) graphics on mine,
 > can someone tell me where I can find the specs to start hacking up at
 > least a framebuffer for this?  techpubs.sgi.com doesn't seem to have much
 > info... is this info even availabe to those outside for SGI?

       Basically, XZ hardware documentation is not available outside SGI.
We have agreement inside SGI to provide some information, if a volunteer
inside SGI appears to track it down, but no volunteer so far.  The problem
is that the hardware interface is quite complex, and some of what one
thinks of as hardware is really firmware, a basic version of which is
downloaded by the PROM at startup time.  An X server could rely on the
PROM-loaded firmware, but it still takes quite a bit of code to set up
the hardware.  Note that XZ, like Newport graphics on Indy, does not
have a CPU-addressable frame buffer, so you have to use the rendering interface.


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On Thu, 13 Jan 2000, William J. Earl wrote:

>        Basically, XZ hardware documentation is not available outside SGI.
> We have agreement inside SGI to provide some information, if a volunteer
> inside SGI appears to track it down, but no volunteer so far.  

:), I kindav figured as much, but it never hurts to ask.  I'd
volunteer to come work at SGI to do it to, but my resume I sent there
seems to be .. umm.. ignored.

> The problem
> is that the hardware interface is quite complex, and some of what one
> thinks of as hardware is really firmware, a basic version of which is
> downloaded by the PROM at startup time.  An X server could rely on the
> PROM-loaded firmware, but it still takes quite a bit of code to set up
> the hardware.  

Would there be enough in this firmware to do a basic text console?  even
that would be better than soldering together a serial cable to run over
Minicom.

> Note that XZ, like Newport graphics on Indy, does not
> have a CPU-addressable frame buffer, so you have to use the rendering interface.

Would this be at all analgous to the code I saw poking around the Xfree
tree once that implemented a server for the Voodoo(2) 3D-only cards?
For that matter, how closely related are the XZ and XL?

thanks for the info.

on an unrelated note: I'm slightly confused... is the R4400-Indigo2 32 or
64 bit?

thanks again,
john.c

- --
/* John Clemens     http://www.rpi.edu/~clemej _/ "I Hate Quotes"       */
/* ICQ: 7175925     clemej@rpi.edu           _/    -- Samuel L. Clemens */ 
/* RPI Comp. Eng. 2000, Linux Parallel/Network/OS/Driver Specialist     */


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In-Reply-To: <Pine.A41.3.96.1000113224501.118018F-100000@vcmr-19.rcs.rpi.edu>; from John Michael Clemens on Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 10:56:25PM -0500
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On Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 10:56:25PM -0500, John Michael Clemens wrote:
> Would there be enough in this firmware to do a basic text console?  even
> that would be better than soldering together a serial cable to run over
> Minicom.

You can always use the PROM callbacks for that.


-- 
Soren

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Fri Jan 14 00:59:12 2000
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Subject: Re: XZ graphics specs...
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On Thu, 13 Jan 2000, William J. Earl wrote:
> the hardware.  Note that XZ, like Newport graphics on Indy, does not
> have a CPU-addressable frame buffer, so you have to use the rendering interface.

You can still write a frame buffer device for it, but you can't export the
frame buffer to userspace (smem_start and smem_len == 0). Just make sure you
fill in your own drawing routines in display->dispsw.

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds


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Subject: patch to make /proc/cpuinfo show Indigo2
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Hello,
Here is an improved version of my patch that properly implements
Indy/Indigo2 machine type in /proc/cpuinfo using the sgi_guiness flag.
I'd like whoever has the power to commit it please ;)

For example, my indigo2 now shows

bash# cat /proc/cpuinfo
cpu                     : MIPS
cpu model               : R4000SC V3.0
system type             : SGI Indigo2
BogoMIPS                : 49.87
byteorder               : big endian
unaligned accesses      : 0
wait instruction        : no
microsecond timers      : no
extra interrupt vector  : no
hardware watchpoint     : yes
VCED exceptions         : 38
VCEI exceptions         : 56

The patch follows....

[-----------------------------]


--- ./linux/include/asm-mips/bootinfo.old.h	Thu Jan 13 12:29:17 2000
+++ ./linux/include/asm-mips/bootinfo.h	Fri Jan 14 07:28:13 2000
@@ -91,8 +91,9 @@
  * Valid machtype for group SGI
  */
 #define MACH_SGI_INDY		0	/* R4?K and R5K Indy workstaions */
+#define MACH_SGI_INDIGO2	1
 
-#define GROUP_SGI_NAMES { "Indy" }
+#define GROUP_SGI_NAMES { "Indy", "Indigo2" }
 
 /*
  * Valid machtype for group COBALT
--- ./linux/arch/mips/arc/identify.old.c	Thu Jan 13 12:45:18 2000
+++ ./linux/arch/mips/arc/identify.c	Fri Jan 14 07:29:48 2000
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <asm/sgi/sgi.h>
 #include <asm/sgialib.h>
 #include <asm/bootinfo.h>
+#include <asm/sgi/sgihpc.h>
 
 struct smatch {
     char *name;
@@ -59,10 +60,14 @@
      */
     p = prom_getchild(PROM_NULL_COMPONENT);
     printk("ARCH: %s\n", p->iname);
-    mach = string_to_mach(p->iname);
 
+    mach = string_to_mach(p->iname);
     mips_machgroup = mach->group;
-    mips_machtype = mach->type;
+   
+     /* sgi_guiness=1 implies an indy, sgi_guiness=0 implies an Indigo2.
+      * We'll need to fix this if more SGI arch's get added.  --vmw
+      */
+    mips_machtype = !sgi_guiness;
     prom_flags = mach->flags;
 }
 





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Ugh, just realized that ./linux/arch/mips/arc/identify.c is used by more
than just SGI machines.

Here is an updated patch, that should handle things correctly.

Vince

[P.S. (shameless plug)  If there is anoyone out there looking for a
 college student summer intern with some sgi/linux experience, let me
know]

[-------------]

--- ./linux/include/asm-mips/bootinfo.old.h	Thu Jan 13 12:29:17 2000
+++ ./linux/include/asm-mips/bootinfo.h	Fri Jan 14 07:28:13 2000
@@ -91,8 +91,9 @@
  * Valid machtype for group SGI
  */
 #define MACH_SGI_INDY		0	/* R4?K and R5K Indy workstaions */
+#define MACH_SGI_INDIGO2	1
 
-#define GROUP_SGI_NAMES { "Indy" }
+#define GROUP_SGI_NAMES { "Indy", "Indigo2" }
 
 /*
  * Valid machtype for group COBALT
--- ./linux/arch/mips/arc/identify.c.old	Fri Jan 14 08:01:53 2000
+++ ./linux/arch/mips/arc/identify.c	Fri Jan 14 08:21:07 2000
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <asm/sgi/sgi.h>
 #include <asm/sgialib.h>
 #include <asm/bootinfo.h>
+#include <asm/sgi/sgihpc.h>
 
 struct smatch {
     char *name;
@@ -59,10 +60,16 @@
      */
     p = prom_getchild(PROM_NULL_COMPONENT);
     printk("ARCH: %s\n", p->iname);
-    mach = string_to_mach(p->iname);
 
+    mach = string_to_mach(p->iname);
     mips_machgroup = mach->group;
-    mips_machtype = mach->type;
+   
+     /* sgi_guiness=1 implies an indy, sgi_guiness=0 implies an Indigo2.
+      * We'll need to fix this if more SGI arch's get added.  --vmw
+      */
+    if (mips_machgroup==MACH_GROUP_SGI) mips_machtype=!sgi_guiness;
+    else mips_machtype=mach->type;
+    
     prom_flags = mach->flags;
 }
 



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To:     Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
cc:     "William J. Earl" <wje@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>,
        John Michael Clemens <clemej@rpi.edu>,
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Subject: Re: XZ graphics specs...
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On Fri, 14 Jan 2000, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:

> On Thu, 13 Jan 2000, William J. Earl wrote:
> > the hardware.  Note that XZ, like Newport graphics on Indy, does not
> > have a CPU-addressable frame buffer, so you have to use the rendering interface.
> 
> You can still write a frame buffer device for it, but you can't export the
> frame buffer to userspace (smem_start and smem_len == 0). Just make sure you
> fill in your own drawing routines in display->dispsw.

In the next few days I will be introducing fbcon-accel.c which are a set
of console functions wrapped around the accel features of a card. I hope
to have this go into the 2.3.x kernels soon.

Codito, ergo sum - "I code, therefore I am"
James Simmons                                                      (o_
fbdev/gfx developer                                      (o_  (o_ //\
http://www.linux-fbdev.org                              (/)_ (/)_ V_/_
http://linuxgfx.sourceforge.net


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From:   James A Simmons <jsimmons@acsu.buffalo.edu>
To:     Linux SGI mailing list <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: updating /dev/graphics
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Hi!
   
  I heard that a linux kernel was being ported to new SGI hardware. I was
wondering where do can you get a hold of this code. I like to take a peek
at it. Also I was working with someone to rewrite the linux /dev/graphics
device driver. Could someone point me to where info is on the programming
interface is for this driver so I can properly implement it. Thank you.

Codito, ergo sum - "I code, therefore I am"
James Simmons                                                      (o_
fbdev/gfx developer                                      (o_  (o_ //\
http://www.linux-fbdev.org                              (/)_ (/)_ V_/_
http://linuxgfx.sourceforge.net



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On Thu, 13 Jan 2000, Avi Bercovich wrote:
> I was wondering what the status was of the effort to build a beowulf 
> cluster using Indigo2's. 

The cluster, named pixel (after a negative attitude towards the original
name), has been up and running for a while now, however we have not
built a web page for it.  Some benchmarks have been run against it, not
by me so I do not know the results.  It is currently configured with eight
nodes.  Currently I am working on finishing up the floating point
exception handling for the kernel so we can run more benchmarks.  I am
looking at the end of the month for that to be complete.  The cluster will
then be put into more of a production enviroment, being used primarily for
research and education.  We are then planning on putting together a four
node cluster to do more benchmarking and testing.  I want to get the 64bit
kernel working on that cluster to see what performance gains it can
achieve.  I also want to use the small cluster to look into kernel based
cluster performance enhancements.  I should also mention that we have
tested pvm, MPI, and DIPC on the cluster, but I do not have any statistics
to quote.

-Andrew


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I was trying to get the PROM console working so I wouldn't have to use
the hacked-together serial cord and a separate box to run SGI-linux on the
indigo2 [because I somehow doubt a GU1-EXTREME driver will suddenly
materialize].

In any case first I had to move CONFIG_SGI_PROM_CONSOLE in
./arch/mips/Config.in .... for some reason it was only given as an option
if you said you had a DECstation.

I finally got it so it would be compiled and linked into the kernel,
and for its symbols to show up in System.map, but I
can't figure out how to get it to output to the screen of the INDIGO2.  I
can read /dev/tty0 and get keyboard input to show up, but nothing
shows up if I do a cat > /dev/tty0.

Does anyone know exactly how to get it to work?

Thanks,
Vince

____________
\  /\  /\  /  Vince Weaver          
 \/__\/__\/   weave@eng.umd.edu     http://www.glue.umd.edu/~weave


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Date:   Fri, 14 Jan 2000 13:03:32 -0500
From:   Andy Isaacson <adisaacs@mr-happy.com>
To:     linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Subject: linux on vw540 with 1.0006 PROM
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OK, I know this is probably an exercise in futility (given SGI's
apparent lack of interest in seeing Linux on these machines) but I'm
trying my darndest to get linux up on a couple of 540's.  I finally
did get the kernel loaded after working around a PROM bug that causes
arclx.exe to lock up on boot.

I've enclosed the patch below.  You can get a binary from
http://www.lcse.umn.edu/~adi/visws/

Also there are the kernel config files I used.  Apparently something
in 2.2.12 breaks on the visws, so I'm using
2.2.10+visws.2210.28jul99.patch .

The machine is up now, but it seems to have some "issues"; mostly I've
noticed problems with device drivers (loading floppy.o locked up the
machine once; mounting a CD-ROM locked it up for a good 5 seconds,
etc).  I haven't really pounded on the machine yet, though.

diff -ur arcboot-21jul99/arclib/arc.c arcboot-13jan2000/arclib/arc.c
--- arcboot-21jul99/arclib/arc.c	Thu Jul  8 06:18:37 1999
+++ arcboot-13jan2000/arclib/arc.c	Thu Jan 13 22:40:24 2000
@@ -177,11 +177,18 @@
     return FVector->Close(FileID);
 }
 
 LONG
 ArcRead(ULONG FileID, VOID *Buffer, ULONG N, ULONG *Count)
 {
-    return FVector->Read(FileID, Buffer, N, Count);
+    /* XXX adi on our 540's with firmware version 1.006, passing a NULL
+     * to Read blows up.  Thus this workaround.
+     */
+    LONG retval;
+    ULONG mycount;
+    retval = FVector->Read(FileID, Buffer, N, &mycount);
+    if(Count)
+	*Count = mycount;
+    return retval;
 }
 
 
diff -ur arcboot-21jul99/loadlx/arclx.c arcboot-13jan2000/loadlx/arclx.c
--- arcboot-21jul99/loadlx/arclx.c	Wed Jul 21 09:26:54 1999
+++ arcboot-13jan2000/loadlx/arclx.c	Thu Jan 13 20:45:15 2000
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@
 _start(LONG argc, CHAR *argv[], CHAR *envp[])
 {
     /* Print identification */
-    printf(ANSI_CLEAR "\nARC Linux unified loader, 21jul99\n\n");
+    printf(ANSI_CLEAR "\nARC Linux unified loader, 13jan2000\n\n");
 
     InitMalloc();
 
diff -ur arcboot-21jul99/loadlx/io.c arcboot-13jan2000/loadlx/io.c
--- arcboot-21jul99/loadlx/io.c	Wed Jul 21 09:47:53 1999
+++ arcboot-13jan2000/loadlx/io.c	Thu Jan 13 21:26:03 2000
@@ -289,6 +289,8 @@
 	LONG status;
 	ULONG nb = strlen(partition) + strlen(filename);
 	CHAR *path = (CHAR *)malloc(nb);
+
+	printf("arc_file_open\n");
 	if (path == NULL) {
 		Fatal("Malloc of %d for %s and %s failed\n",
 						nb, partition, filename);
@@ -318,6 +320,7 @@
 	if (status != ESUCCESS) {
 		Fatal("Read of 0x%x bytes at 0x%x failed\n", nb, off);
 	}
+	printf("ARC read finished\n");
 }
 
 
@@ -329,10 +332,13 @@
     ino_t file_inode;
     errcode_t status;
 
+    printf("file_open: %s %s\n", partition, filename);
     initialize_ext2_error_table();
 
+    printf("calling ext2open...\n");
     status = ext2fs_open(partition, 0, 0, 0, arc_io_manager, &fs);
     if (status != 0) {
+	printf("ext2open failed, trying arc_file_open\n");
         /* Maybe ARC can read it directly (FAT floppy, etc) */
         return arc_file_open(partition, filename);
     }

-- 
Andy Isaacson  http://web.mr-happy.com/~adisaacs/   Fight Spam, join CAUCE:
adi@acm.org adisaacs@mr-happy.com isaacson@cs.umn.edu   www.cauce.org

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On Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 05:03:39PM +0100, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:

> I used the R5000 CP0_COUNTER/CP0_COMPARE registers for the timer interrupt. I
> know it's not accurate, but it's better than nothing. I still have to figure
> out how more complex interrupts work in the MIPS source tree.

It is accurate as driven by the CPU's clock.  It is just somewhat tricky to
handle and even more tricky on some broken CPUs.  From an old email written
by Bill Earl:

[...]
As far as I know, all R4000 processors, and possibly some R4400 processors,
are affected.  The bug is that, if you read $count exactly when it equals
$compare, the count/compare interrupt for that count/compare crossing is
discarded.  The workaround from IRIX is appended.  The variable
r4000_clock_war is set to 1 if the system is an Indy with an R4000 processor.
The r4k_compare_shadow is set to the same value as $compare whenever $compare
is updated (with interrupts masked while the variable and $compare are
updated together).
[...]

Just calibrating the internal timer's value 100% exact is somewhat tricky.
The code used by the Indy generates a value that is somewhat off the
theoretical value.  In practice I think it may be a good idea to meassure
the clock rate, the round it to the nearest frequency that is known to
be used with that system.  Like rounding meassured 151MHz to 150MHz.

As for the time sources I think you best use a two-timer based scheme as
Intel or the Cobalt Qube 1/2.  That will give you the low overhead of the
internal timer combined with the (hopefully!) higher precission of the
external timer.

> Now we just have to do interrupts and PCI probing, and we're finished :-)
> 
> The board has the 16 standard i8259 interrupts, and 15 additional interrupts
> on the host bridge. The i8259 is cascaded through one interrupt of the host
> bridge, similar to the cascading through the OpenPIC on my CHRP board.
> PCI is not connected to the i8259, but to the host bridge.
> 
> I can program the host bridge to map any interrupt to any of the CPU
> interrupts (#0-#5 or NMI). I think the simplest way is to route them all
> through #0. Or do you think it's better not to do that, and e.g. route the
> timer interrupt (after I moved it from CP0_COUNTER/CP0_COMPARE to the PC
> style timer) to a different interrupt? Instead of the PC style timer, I
> could also use the general purpose timer in the host bridge.

What you want to do is to optimize the whole thing for the least interrupt
overhead.  An uncached read from the bridge chip is probably reasonably fast
but polling c0_cause is faster.  Given that the best thing to do will depend
on how many interrupts from what device you expect.  In any case you should
consider that the i8259 is supposed to be slow even though I guess that's no
longer correct for modern implementations.  Also the timer interrupt will
have to be the highest priority interrupt or you may deadlock, so your
arrangements should to ensure that this will be easy.

  Ralf

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On Fri, Jan 14, 2000 at 05:56:13AM +0100, Soren S. Jorvang wrote:

> On Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 10:56:25PM -0500, John Michael Clemens wrote:
> > Would there be enough in this firmware to do a basic text console?  even
> > that would be better than soldering together a serial cable to run over
> > Minicom.
> 
> You can always use the PROM callbacks for that.

In theory yes.  In practice all firmware that I've seen so far seems to
be rather fragile and for some systems also very performance limited as
it's running from uncached memory (veeeerry slooow) or at times even
from 8-bit wide PROMs which is so slow that it blows every meassure for
slowness.  Not to mention other problems.  So this should really be
considered a better than nothing solution.

That being said, Ulf Carlsson has implemented a PROM console which is
in the CVS archive.  Try it, I'm interested in reports.

  Ralf

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From:   Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
To:     Vince Weaver <weave@eng.umd.edu>
Cc:     "William J. Earl" <wje@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>, eak@sgi.com,
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Subject: Re: identifying sgi system type under Linux [patch]
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On Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 04:45:41PM -0500, Vince Weaver wrote:

> >       Note that the Linux kernel (like the IRIX kernel) has a way of
> > detecting the difference, since it needs to know which box it is
> > running on, so you could just get the kernel to export the data via
> > /proc somewhere.  The kernel variable "sgi_guiness" is 1 if the system
> > is an Indy ("Guinness") and 0 if the system is an Indigo2
> > ("FullHouse").  Look at the file indy_hpc.c to see how this is detected.
> 
> thanks, this is what I needed!  It works (at least for me!)
> 
> Here is the patch, I'd like someone with and Indy to try and be sure it
> works all around....

It's ``obviously correct''.  However I'd prefer if somebody would rewrite
the bootinfo.h and /proc stuff in a cleaner, more easy to maintain way.
We've got various modules that want to output information via cpuinfo
like the CPU-info, the second level cache handler and about the board
itself.  So what I want is something where various subsystems that want
to contribute to the /proc/cpuinfo content can register their own routines
when then will be called via get_cpuinfo().

  Ralf

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Subject: Re: XZ graphics specs...
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Ralf Baechle writes:
 > On Fri, Jan 14, 2000 at 05:56:13AM +0100, Soren S. Jorvang wrote:
 > 
 > > On Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 10:56:25PM -0500, John Michael Clemens wrote:
 > > > Would there be enough in this firmware to do a basic text console?  even
 > > > that would be better than soldering together a serial cable to run over
 > > > Minicom.
 > > 
 > > You can always use the PROM callbacks for that.
 > 
 > In theory yes.  In practice all firmware that I've seen so far seems to
 > be rather fragile and for some systems also very performance limited as
 > it's running from uncached memory (veeeerry slooow) or at times even
 > from 8-bit wide PROMs which is so slow that it blows every meassure for
 > slowness.  Not to mention other problems.  So this should really be
 > considered a better than nothing solution.
 > 
 > That being said, Ulf Carlsson has implemented a PROM console which is
 > in the CVS archive.  Try it, I'm interested in reports.

      On some platforms the PROM code is actually copied to main memory
and executed (cached) from there.  If I remember correctly, O2 works that
way.  Indy is probably in the slow (possibly very slow) category.

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On Fri, Jan 14, 2000 at 09:28:02PM -0800, William J. Earl wrote:

>  > In theory yes.  In practice all firmware that I've seen so far seems to
>  > be rather fragile and for some systems also very performance limited as
>  > it's running from uncached memory (veeeerry slooow) or at times even
>  > from 8-bit wide PROMs which is so slow that it blows every meassure for
>  > slowness.  Not to mention other problems.  So this should really be
>  > considered a better than nothing solution.
>  > 
>  > That being said, Ulf Carlsson has implemented a PROM console which is
>  > in the CVS archive.  Try it, I'm interested in reports.
> 
>       On some platforms the PROM code is actually copied to main memory
> and executed (cached) from there.  If I remember correctly, O2 works that
> way.  Indy is probably in the slow (possibly very slow) category.

Running from a PROM would explain why the Indy firmware crashes with
enabled L2 caches - the circuitry just wasn't designed to deal with the
type of access cycles (bursts?) as used by the l2 cache controller.
No major problem in practice.

  Ralf

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FWIW,

I tried the PROM console last nigth and it was a no-go.  kernel downloaded
from the bootp server and just sat there, nothing on console, nothing on
serial.  When I hit CTRL-C to get a prompt back, however, I discovered
that my font had changed to black-on-black, so SOMETHING happened.

This is on an Indigo2-R4400, which boots just fine over the serial
console, and CONFIG_SGI_PROM_CONSOLE asserted (after a little modification
to the config.in to take it OUT of the DEC only section, ala what Mr.
Weaver mentioned earlier, and the extraneous "NULL" removed from
setup_console in arch/mips/sgi/setup.c) 

john.c

- --
/* John Clemens     http://www.rpi.edu/~clemej _/ "I Hate Quotes"       */
/* ICQ: 7175925     clemej@rpi.edu           _/    -- Samuel L. Clemens */ 
/* RPI Comp. Eng. 2000, Linux Parallel/Network/OS/Driver Specialist     */


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-----Original Message-----
From: Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
To: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Linux/MIPS <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Date: Saturday, January 15, 2000 1:56 AM
Subject: Re: kernel sources?


>On Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 05:03:39PM +0100, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
>
>> I used the R5000 CP0_COUNTER/CP0_COMPARE registers for the timer interrupt. I
>> know it's not accurate, but it's better than nothing. I still have to figure
>> out how more complex interrupts work in the MIPS source tree.
>
>It is accurate as driven by the CPU's clock.  It is just somewhat tricky to
>handle and even more tricky on some broken CPUs.  From an old email written
>by Bill Earl:
>
>[...]
>As far as I know, all R4000 processors, and possibly some R4400 processors,
>are affected.  The bug is that, if you read $count exactly when it equals
>$compare, the count/compare interrupt for that count/compare crossing is
>discarded.  The workaround from IRIX is appended.  The variable
>r4000_clock_war is set to 1 if the system is an Indy with an R4000 processor.
>The r4k_compare_shadow is set to the same value as $compare whenever $compare
>is updated (with interrupts masked while the variable and $compare are
>updated together).
>[...]

There is also a race condition inherent in many implementations of
the timer interrupt handler, and the main stream of the current
MIPS/Linux distributions is no exception.   The SGI code looks
a bit like this:

void indy_timer_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        unsigned long count;
        int irq = 7;

        /* Ack timer and compute new compare. */
        count = read_32bit_cp0_register(CP0_COUNT);
        /* This has races.  */
        if ((count - r4k_cur) >= r4k_offset) {
                /* If this happens to often we'll need to compensate.  */
                missed_heart_beats++;
                r4k_cur = count + r4k_offset;
        }
        else
            r4k_cur += r4k_offset;
        ack_r4ktimer(r4k_cur);
        kstat.irqs[0][irq]++;
        do_timer(regs);

        /* We update the Dallas time of day approx. every 11 minutes,
         * because of how the numbers work out we need to make
         * absolutely sure we do this update within 500ms before the
         * next second starts, thus the following code.
         */
        if ((time_status & STA_UNSYNC) == 0 &&
            xtime.tv_sec > last_rtc_update + 660 &&
            xtime.tv_usec >= 500000 - (tick >> 1) &&
            xtime.tv_usec <= 500000 + (tick >> 1)) {
                if (set_rtc_mmss(xtime.tv_sec) == 0)
                        last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec;
                else
                        /* do it again in 60 s */
                        last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec - 600;
        }
}

The inherent race is in the fact that the count is sampled
once at the beginnning of the routine and used throughout.
It is possible (with bad luck and sloppy drivers) to be very
late into the handler, so much so that the new time-out time
can be reached between the sample and the programming
of the compare register.  If that happens, one gets no timer
interrupt for a full wrap of the count register.   I first observed
this in OpenBSD, where the problem was worse, but Linux
has the same conceptual hole.  A more robust handler
looks a bit like this:

void p5064_timer_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        int irq = 7;

        if(r4k_offset != 0) {
                do {
                        kstat.irqs[0][irq]++;
                        do_timer(regs);

                        /* Historical comment/code:
                        * RTC time of day s updated approx. every 11
                        * minutes.  Because of how the numbers work out
                        * we need to make absolutely sure we do this update
                        * within 500ms before the * next second starts,
                        * thus the following code.
                        */
                        if ((time_status & STA_UNSYNC) == 0
                        && xtime.tv_sec > last_rtc_update + 660
                        && xtime.tv_usec >= 500000 - (tick >> 1)
                        && xtime.tv_usec <= 500000 + (tick >> 1))
                            if (set_rtc_mmss(xtime.tv_sec) == 0)
                                last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec;
                            else
                                /* do it again in 60 s */
                                last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec - 600;

                        r4k_cur += r4k_offset;
                        ack_r4ktimer(r4k_cur);
                } while (((unsigned long)read_32bit_cp0_register(CP0_COUNT)
                        - r4k_cur) < 0x7fffffff);
        } else ack_r4ktimer(0);
}

As Ralf says, it's very accurate *if* you have an accurate picture of
the CPU's clock frequency.  The usual mechanism of measuring
the progress of the count register against elapsed time on a TOD
clock has been known to be inaccurate on some platforms due
to skew between the visibility to software and the actual timing
event, so be careful.

            Kevin K.
__

Kevin D. Kissell
MIPS Technologies European Architecture Lab
kevink@mips.com
Tel. +33.4.78.38.70.67
FAX. +33.4.78.38.70.68


From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Sat Jan 15 11:45:41 2000
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Hi all, I have just successfully installed the hardhat distro on 2 sgi
indy machines, and have been reading everything I can find to get up to
speed on the port.  The web pages seem terribly out of date.  Could you
point me to some information about the current state of things.  I have
scanned the archive of this mailing list, but it is hard to get a feel for
things from such disjoint information.
I have been using linux since 1995, mostly on intel, and recently have
been maintinaing several LinuxPPC and UltraLinux machines.  I would like
to assist in the SGI port as time permits.  My first desire is updated
tools.  According to what I can find, there is not currently recent enough
tools available to support the 2.2.x series of kernels, I assume that is
not correct since I see indication that people are running 2.2.x kernels.
wheree can I find the latest stable(?) (reasonably stable?) versions of
libraries and compilers, etc.
Thank you

Richard Dubrawski

University of Illinois 
Urbana-Champaign

(web page: http://www.students.uiuc.edu/~dubrawsk/)



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On Sat, Jan 15, 2000 at 10:36:07AM -0500, John Michael Clemens wrote:

> I tried the PROM console last nigth and it was a no-go.  kernel downloaded
> from the bootp server and just sat there, nothing on console, nothing on
> serial.  When I hit CTRL-C to get a prompt back, however, I discovered
> that my font had changed to black-on-black, so SOMETHING happened.
> 
> This is on an Indigo2-R4400, which boots just fine over the serial
> console, and CONFIG_SGI_PROM_CONSOLE asserted (after a little modification
> to the config.in to take it OUT of the DEC only section, ala what Mr.
> Weaver mentioned earlier, and the extraneous "NULL" removed from
> setup_console in arch/mips/sgi/setup.c) 

Ok, something for the to-do list.  Unfortunately at the bottom of the
list ...

  Ralf

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On Sat, Jan 15, 2000 at 06:28:40PM +0100, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:

> As Ralf says, it's very accurate *if* you have an accurate picture of
> the CPU's clock frequency.  The usual mechanism of measuring
> the progress of the count register against elapsed time on a TOD
> clock has been known to be inaccurate on some platforms due
> to skew between the visibility to software and the actual timing
> event, so be careful.

The only machine where we actually calibrate the CPU counter is the Indy
where due to a hardware bug we cannot use the external timers as source
of interrupts.

In fact the current Linux kernel would even panic if it ever would find
an Indy working as per spec ;-)

We could improve that meassurement by rounding to the nearest crystal
known to be used on IP22 CPU modules plus maybe add an eventual user /
xntpd suplied fudge factor for deviations of the exact crystal frequency.

  Ralf

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On Fri, Jan 14, 2000 at 11:15:34AM -0500, James A Simmons wrote:

>   I heard that a linux kernel was being ported to new SGI hardware.

New hardware means the curent Origin 200 / Origin 2000 / Onyx 2 series
rsp. their successors.

> I was wondering where do can you get a hold of this code. I like to take
> a peek at it.

Get it from the CVS archive on oss.sgi.com.

  Ralf

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On Sat, 15 Jan 2000, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:
> >On Thu, Jan 13, 2000 at 05:03:39PM +0100, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> >
> >> I used the R5000 CP0_COUNTER/CP0_COMPARE registers for the timer interrupt. I
> >> know it's not accurate, but it's better than nothing. I still have to figure
> >> out how more complex interrupts work in the MIPS source tree.
> >
> >It is accurate as driven by the CPU's clock.  It is just somewhat tricky to
> >handle and even more tricky on some broken CPUs.  From an old email written
> >by Bill Earl:
> >
> >[...]
> >As far as I know, all R4000 processors, and possibly some R4400 processors,
> >are affected.  The bug is that, if you read $count exactly when it equals
> >$compare, the count/compare interrupt for that count/compare crossing is
> >discarded.  The workaround from IRIX is appended.  The variable
> >r4000_clock_war is set to 1 if the system is an Indy with an R4000 processor.
> >The r4k_compare_shadow is set to the same value as $compare whenever $compare
> >is updated (with interrupts masked while the variable and $compare are
> >updated together).
> >[...]
> 
> There is also a race condition inherent in many implementations of
> the timer interrupt handler, and the main stream of the current
> MIPS/Linux distributions is no exception.   The SGI code looks
> a bit like this:

    [...]

> The inherent race is in the fact that the count is sampled
> once at the beginnning of the routine and used throughout.
> It is possible (with bad luck and sloppy drivers) to be very
> late into the handler, so much so that the new time-out time
> can be reached between the sample and the programming
> of the compare register.  If that happens, one gets no timer
> interrupt for a full wrap of the count register.   I first observed
> this in OpenBSD, where the problem was worse, but Linux
> has the same conceptual hole.  A more robust handler
> looks a bit like this:

I noticed this as well, especially if I put serial debug code in the interrupt
handler. Then it's safer to always reset count to 0 in the interrupt handler.
Of course it's very inaccurate then, but at least you keep on getting
interrupts in a reasonable time frame.

Now I'm using one of the timers in the host bridge to generate the actual timer
interrupt, which seems to work fine. I could also use the normal PC RTC, but
then I have to get the i8259 interrupts working first. Fortunately PCI
interrupts are handled by the host bridge as well, so I see no hurry in getting
the i8259 interrupts working too soon :-)

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds


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Subject: Re: question concerning serial console setup
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Conrad Parker wrote:

> On Wed, Dec 29, 1999 at 12:23:07PM -0700, Jeff Harrell wrote:
> > I wonder if anybody might have some information concerning the setup of
> > a serial console device
> > on the MIPS/Linux platform.  I have been looking at the sgi (indy)
> > source code to determine how to
> > setup a serial console device.  The file arch/mips/sgi/kernel/setup.c
> > contains a call to "console_setup"
> > passing the parameters "ttys0" and NULL.  I have had some trouble
> > locating the routine that this is
> > actually calling (file, directory?).  It looks like there is a version
> > in printk.c and in one of  the char drivers (serial167.c).
> > These do not seem like the correct routines.
>
> the version in serial167.c is commented out and looks like it was once
> there only as a placeholder.
>
> console_setup() in printk.c is the correct one, but it doesn't do everything
> you want. It simply determines which of the possible consoles is the system
> ("preferred") console. Normally this is called via parse_options in
> init/main.c so you can set it on booting by passing the kernel parameter
> console=blah, but it can be called any time before the kernel calls
> console_init() (which it does immediately after calling parse_options, in
> order to get the console up asap). If you've configured the kernel to run a
> serial console, console_init() (which is in drivers/char/tty_io.c) will call
> serial_console_init().
>

Hmmm....strange I tried to use console_setup  in the same way that  setup.c
called
it in ../arch/mips/sgi/kernel/setup.c and ran into linker problems.  It looks
like
setup_console is defined statically (sp?) in printk.c.

Here is how it is called in setup.c:

     #if defined(CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE) || defined(CONFIG_PROM_CONSOLE)
     extern void console_setup(char *, int *);
     #endif
     ...
     ....
     #ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE
      /* ARCS console environment variable is set to "g?" for
       * graphics console, it is set to "d" for the first serial
       * line and "d2" for the second serial line.
       */
      ctype = prom_getenv("console");
      if(*ctype == 'd') {
       if(*(ctype+1)=='2')
        console_setup ("ttyS1", NULL);
       else
        console_setup ("ttyS0", NULL);
      }

Here is how it looks in printk.c:

     static int __init console_setup(char *str)
     { .....

I guess I am seeing the error that I would expect to see,  i.e.,  the linker
gives me an
undefined reference.  Any ideas how this worked in the sgi code?

>
> For the SGI/MIPS, (the code you're looking at in
> arch/mips/sgi/kernel/setup.c) the choice of serial console can be
> determined by querying the prom settings, so rather than forcing this to be
> a boot parameter the correct console is set up at runtime. (If I'm not
> mistaken, this can still be overriden by passing a kernel parameter, as
> this bit of setup is called way before init/main.c calls parse_options()).
> However, you don't need to call console_setup() in your platform setup
> routine -- it's only done here for convenience.

Unfortunately I am working on an embedded platform, only using this code
as a starting point for our design.  If possible I would like to initialize the

console w/o the use of command line parameters.

Any insight that you can provide would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Jeff


--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jeff Harrell                    Work:  (801) 619-6104
Broadband Access group/TI
jharrell@ti.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
Conrad Parker wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>On Wed, Dec 29, 1999 at 12:23:07PM -0700, Jeff Harrell
wrote:
<br>> I wonder if anybody might have some information concerning the setup
of
<br>> a serial console device
<br>> on the MIPS/Linux platform.&nbsp; I have been looking at the sgi
(indy)
<br>> source code to determine how to
<br>> setup a serial console device.&nbsp; The file arch/mips/sgi/kernel/setup.c
<br>> contains a call to "console_setup"
<br>> passing the parameters "ttys0" and NULL.&nbsp; I have had some trouble
<br>> locating the routine that this is
<br>> actually calling (file, directory?).&nbsp; It looks like there is
a version
<br>> in printk.c and in one of&nbsp; the char drivers (serial167.c).
<br>> These do not seem like the correct routines.
<p>the version in serial167.c is commented out and looks like it was once
<br>there only as a placeholder.
<p>console_setup() in printk.c is the correct one, but it doesn't do everything
<br>you want. It simply determines which of the possible consoles is the
system
<br>("preferred") console. Normally this is called via parse_options in
<br>init/main.c so you can set it on booting by passing the kernel parameter
<br>console=blah, but it can be called any time before the kernel calls
<br>console_init() (which it does immediately after calling parse_options,
in
<br>order to get the console up asap). If you've configured the kernel
to run a
<br>serial console, console_init() (which is in drivers/char/tty_io.c)
will call
<br>serial_console_init().
<br>&nbsp;</blockquote>
Hmmm....strange I tried to use console_setup&nbsp; in the same way that&nbsp;
setup.c called
<br>it in ../arch/mips/sgi/kernel/setup.c and ran into linker problems.&nbsp;
It looks like
<br>setup_console is defined statically (sp?) in printk.c.
<p>Here is how it is called in setup.c:
<blockquote><font size=-1>#if defined(CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE) || defined(CONFIG_PROM_CONSOLE)</font>
<br><font size=-1>extern void console_setup(char *, int *);</font>
<br><font size=-1>#endif</font>
<br><font size=-1>...</font>
<br><font size=-1>....</font>
<br><font size=-1>#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp;/* ARCS console environment variable is set to
"g?" for</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp; * graphics console, it is set to "d" for the first
serial</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp; * line and "d2" for the second serial line.</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp; */</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp;ctype = prom_getenv("console");</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp;if(*ctype == 'd') {</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp; if(*(ctype+1)=='2')</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp;&nbsp; console_setup ("ttyS1", NULL);</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp; else</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp;&nbsp; console_setup ("ttyS0", NULL);</font>
<br><font size=-1>&nbsp;}</font></blockquote>

<p><br>Here is how it looks in printk.c:
<blockquote><font size=-1>static int __init console_setup(char *str)</font>
<br><font size=-1>{ .....</font></blockquote>
I guess I am seeing the error that I would expect to see,&nbsp; i.e.,&nbsp;
the linker gives me an
<br>undefined reference.&nbsp; Any ideas how this worked in the sgi code?
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>&nbsp;
<br>For the SGI/MIPS, (the code you're looking at in
<br>arch/mips/sgi/kernel/setup.c) the choice of serial console can be
<br>determined by querying the prom settings, so rather than forcing this
to be
<br>a boot parameter the correct console is set up at runtime. (If I'm
not
<br>mistaken, this can still be overriden by passing a kernel parameter,
as
<br>this bit of setup is called way before init/main.c calls parse_options()).
<br>However, you don't need to call console_setup() in your platform setup
<br>routine -- it's only done here for convenience.</blockquote>
Unfortunately I am working on an embedded platform, only using this code
<br>as a starting point for our design.&nbsp; If possible I would like
to initialize the
<br>console w/o the use of command line parameters.
<p>Any insight that you can provide would be greatly appreciated.
<p>Thanks,
<br>Jeff
<br>&nbsp;
<pre>--&nbsp;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jeff Harrell&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Work:&nbsp; (801) 619-6104&nbsp;
Broadband Access group/TI&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
jharrell@ti.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</pre>
&nbsp;</html>

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To:     Jeff Harrell <jharrell@ti.com>
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Subject: Re: question concerning serial console setup
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On Sun, Jan 16, 2000 at 08:41:38PM -0700, Jeff Harrell wrote:

> Unfortunately I am working on an embedded platform, only using this code
> as a starting point for our design.  If possible I would like to initialize
> the console w/o the use of command line parameters.

A simple solution is to hardwire the commmand line in arch/mips/kernel/setup.c.

  Ralf

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Date:   Mon, 17 Jan 2000 21:14:23 +0100 (CET)
From:   Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
To:     Linux/MIPS <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
Subject: Debian mipsel?
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Anyone who knows whether Debian for mipsel is already usable? Or is the MIPS
port of Debian meant for big endian SGI boxes only?

If not, I'll have to say goodbye to apt-get and install a RH-based distro...

Thx!

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds


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From:   Mike Hill <mikehill@hgeng.com>
To:     "'Geert Uytterhoeven'" <geert@linux-m68k.org>,
        Linux/MIPS <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>
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Have a look at the preliminary port page by Martin Schulze.

URL: http://www.infodrom.north.de/Debian/ports/mips/

Regards,

Mike


> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Geert Uytterhoeven [SMTP:geert@linux-m68k.org]
> Sent:	January 17, 2000 3:14 PM
> To:	Linux/MIPS
> Subject:	Debian mipsel?
> 
> 
> Anyone who knows whether Debian for mipsel is already usable? Or is the
> MIPS
> port of Debian meant for big endian SGI boxes only?
> 
> If not, I'll have to say goodbye to apt-get and install a RH-based
> distro...
> 
> Thx!
> 
> Gr{oetje,eeting}s,
> --
> Geert Uytterhoeven -- Linux/{m68k~Amiga,PPC~CHRP} -- geert@linux-m68k.org
> 
> In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker.
> But
> when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like
> that.
> 							    -- Linus
> Torvalds

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On Mon, Jan 17, 2000 at 09:14:23PM +0100, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:

> Anyone who knows whether Debian for mipsel is already usable? Or is the MIPS
> port of Debian meant for big endian SGI boxes only?

No it isnt ... There are a couple of packages at 

ftp://ftp.rfc822.org/pub/local/debian/debian/dists/potato

Martin Schulze has put together a base tgz as a root filesystem.

> If not, I'll have to say goodbye to apt-get and install a RH-based distro...

Hihi ... apt-get works but there are not many packages to install yet ....

Flo
-- 
Florian Lohoff		flo@rfc822.org		      	+49-5241-470566
"Technology is a constand battle between manufacturers producing bigger and
more idiot-proof systems and nature producing bigger and better idiots."


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On Mon, 17 Jan 2000, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> On Sun, Jan 16, 2000 at 08:41:38PM -0700, Jeff Harrell wrote:
> 
> > Unfortunately I am working on an embedded platform, only using this code
> > as a starting point for our design.  If possible I would like to initialize
> > the console w/o the use of command line parameters.
> 
> A simple solution is to hardwire the commmand line in
> arch/mips/kernel/setup.c.
> 

I have some hackish code that queries the prom enviroment and edits the
commandline to reflect the appropriate console.  If that is worthwhile to
have available I will dig up a diff.

-Andrew


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On Mon, Jan 17, 2000 at 07:56:42PM -0600, Andrew R. Baker wrote:

> > > Unfortunately I am working on an embedded platform, only using this code
> > > as a starting point for our design.  If possible I would like to initialize
> > > the console w/o the use of command line parameters.
> > 
> > A simple solution is to hardwire the commmand line in
> > arch/mips/kernel/setup.c.
> 
> I have some hackish code that queries the prom enviroment and edits the
> commandline to reflect the appropriate console.  If that is worthwhile to
> have available I will dig up a diff.

Have you considered hacking kerne/printk.c:console_setup() instead?
There is already some SPARC code there.

  Ralf

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On Tue, 18 Jan 2000, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> On Mon, Jan 17, 2000 at 07:56:42PM -0600, Andrew R. Baker wrote:
> > > A simple solution is to hardwire the commmand line in
> > > arch/mips/kernel/setup.c.
> > 
> > I have some hackish code that queries the prom enviroment and edits the
> > commandline to reflect the appropriate console.  If that is worthwhile to
> > have available I will dig up a diff.
> 
> Have you considered hacking kerne/printk.c:console_setup() instead?
> There is already some SPARC code there.

The code in kernel/printk.c seems to be only involved in normalizing the
names of the serial ports.  What I needed was to get the console
enviroment setting from the prom.  I don't like the idea of putting prom
code into kernel/printk.c.  Here is the code I used (from
arch/mips/arc/cmdline.c):

        /* get the console enviroment variable into the command line.
         * But only if the console parameter wasn't entered by the user.
         * Is this a bad thing to do here?
         * -Andrew
         */
        if(console_option == 0) 
        {
                console = prom_getenv("console");
                strcpy(cp, "console=");
                cp += strlen("console=");
                strcpy(cp, console);
                cp += strlen(console);
                *cp++ = ' ';
        }


I don't like the way it messes with the passed commandline.  However, we
could read the value into some other variable and let kernel/printk.c pick
it up from there.  

-Andrew  


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Whilst playing with floating point support I have noticed that the
"Division By Zero" and "Overflow" Enable bits are set by default on Linux
where they are not in IRIX.  Is there a reason we do this?  Or is this
behaviour unintended?  

Also, when we enter the floating point handler, the floating point
registers have not been saved to the thread structure.  Currently, I get
around this by querying the registers directly.  Unfortunately this won't
work when we support SMP.  What would the drawbacks be of a save and
restore and the start and finish of the exception handler (well the
unimplemented handler)?  Or is there some other way?  I'm really only
concerned about the case where we would run the soft-fp code on a
processor other than the one that triggered the exception.

-Andrew


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On Mon, Jan 17, 2000 at 08:55:58PM -0600, Andrew R. Baker wrote:

> Whilst playing with floating point support I have noticed that the
> "Division By Zero" and "Overflow" Enable bits are set by default on Linux
> where they are not in IRIX.  Is there a reason we do this?  Or is this
> behaviour unintended?  

We've got two versions of libc circulating.  The one enables a number
of exceptions, same as an old libc 4 or 5 from ~95.  The current and
correct one just leaves all exceptions disabled.

Btw, C9x provides interfaces to manipulate the exception bits.

> Also, when we enter the floating point handler, the floating point
> registers have not been saved to the thread structure.  Currently, I get
> around this by querying the registers directly.  Unfortunately this won't
> work when we support SMP.

Why should this not be working with SMP?  Only when the FPU contains the
current' processes' fp context CP1 is enabled in the status register.
If not any attempt to execute the fp instruction will result in a
Coprocessor Unavailable exception which will be serviced by loading
the context into the FPU and setting the CU1 bit.

> What would the drawbacks be of a save and restore and the start and
> finish of the exception handler (well the unimplemented handler)?

Performance.

>  Or is there some other way?  I'm really only
> concerned about the case where we would run the soft-fp code on a
> processor other than the one that triggered the exception.

This cannot happen.

  Ralf

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On Tue, 18 Jan 2000, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> On Mon, Jan 17, 2000 at 08:55:58PM -0600, Andrew R. Baker wrote:
> 
> > Whilst playing with floating point support I have noticed that the
> > "Division By Zero" and "Overflow" Enable bits are set by default on Linux
> > where they are not in IRIX.  Is there a reason we do this?  Or is this
> > behaviour unintended?  
> 
> We've got two versions of libc circulating.  The one enables a number
> of exceptions, same as an old libc 4 or 5 from ~95.  The current and
> correct one just leaves all exceptions disabled.
> 
> Btw, C9x provides interfaces to manipulate the exception bits.

OK, I'll just set my test progs to clear the enable bits.

> > Also, when we enter the floating point handler, the floating point
> > registers have not been saved to the thread structure.  Currently, I get
> > around this by querying the registers directly.  Unfortunately this won't
> > work when we support SMP.
> 
> Why should this not be working with SMP?  Only when the FPU contains the
> current' processes' fp context CP1 is enabled in the status register.
> If not any attempt to execute the fp instruction will result in a
> Coprocessor Unavailable exception which will be serviced by loading
> the context into the FPU and setting the CU1 bit.

I was basing my assumptions on what the sparc fpu system looked like.  The
code seems to infer that, in SMP, the fp emulator can be run for a process
that is not 'current'.  I'll stick with the direct access method than (I
like it better anyway).

I am going to try and add the rest of the ops this week and put something
out for people to look at.  Then I will clean it up some.  Is there any
disadvantage to leaving this as a module?

-Andrew


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On Mon, Jan 17, 2000 at 09:41:01PM -0600, Andrew R. Baker wrote:

> > correct one just leaves all exceptions disabled.
> > 
> > Btw, C9x provides interfaces to manipulate the exception bits.
> 
> OK, I'll just set my test progs to clear the enable bits.

It may be hairy but I think you'll have to deal with exception sooner
or later ...

> I was basing my assumptions on what the sparc fpu system looked like.  The
> code seems to infer that, in SMP, the fp emulator can be run for a process
> that is not 'current'.  I'll stick with the direct access method than (I
> like it better anyway).
> 
> I am going to try and add the rest of the ops this week and put something
> out for people to look at.  Then I will clean it up some.  Is there any
> disadvantage to leaving this as a module?

At least as in CVS the module doesn't make sense except for debugging -
we don't have a mechanism for loading it on demand.

  Ralf

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Date:   Wed, 19 Jan 2000 10:00:11 -0700
From:   Jeff Harrell <jharrell@ti.com>
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Subject: Question concerning cache coherency
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I have an interesting issue that I would like to run past the MIPS/Linux
newsgroup.  I am
currently porting the MIPS/Linux code to a development board that has a
IDT64475 MIPS
core (64-bit R4xxx core).  I notice that this part does not have any
method of maintaining
cache coherency (i.e., no hardware support for cache coherency).  It is
highly likely that we
will be plugging in a network card on a PCI bus that would be DMA'ing to
a shared memory
space in SDRAM.  I assume that the problem of cache coherency is fixed
by mapping the shared
memory as uncached.  I have not dug into the network drivers (or the
kernel) enough to know whether
this is how the problem is addressed on typical MIPS architectures.  I
guess I have two questions
related to this issue;  Do devices that DMA, typically access uncached
memory  and if so, is a second buffer
required to copy from kernel to user space?  The second question is
concerning the performance hit in
running out of uncached memory,  Have people seen significant
performance degradation when
using uncached memory.  Any insight that anybody can provide would be
greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Jeff


--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jeff Harrell                    Work:  (801) 619-6104
Broadband Access group/TI
jharrell@ti.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~




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On Wed, Jan 19, 2000 at 10:00:11AM -0700, Jeff Harrell wrote:

> I have an interesting issue that I would like to run past the MIPS/Linux
> newsgroup.  I am currently porting the MIPS/Linux code to a development
> board that has a IDT64475 MIPS core (64-bit R4xxx core).  I notice that
> this part does not have any method of maintaining cache coherency (i.e.,
> no hardware support for cache coherency).  It is highly likely that we
> will be plugging in a network card on a PCI bus that would be DMA'ing to a
> shared memory space in SDRAM.  I assume that the problem of cache
> coherency is fixed by mapping the shared memory as uncached.  I have not
> dug into the network drivers (or the kernel) enough to know whether this
> is how the problem is addressed on typical MIPS architectures.  I guess I
> have two questions related to this issue; Do devices that DMA, typically
> access uncached memory and if so, is a second buffer required to copy from
> kernel to user space?  The second question is concerning the performance
> hit in running out of uncached memory, Have people seen significant
> performance degradation when using uncached memory.  Any insight that
> anybody can provide would be greatly appreciated.

The performance hit by using uncached memory is tremenduous.  Avoid it, if
you can.  Even if you cannot exploit the locality effects of caches you will
still gain from cached access because of prefetch / burst access and write
gathering.

The is one special case where you can not use caching, that is a cacheline
worth of data might concurrently be manipulated both by both processor and a
DMA device.  The typical example are processors with 32-byte cache lines
like the R4000 and a Ethernet chip like the Sonic which has ring entries of
only 16 byte size.  For such a configuration there is a case where

  1)  processor fetches cacheline
  2)                                   NIC write to that cacheline
  3)  processor writes cacheline back

-> the processor just corrupted the NIC written data.

The only way you can deal with that is by either stopping the NIC which you
don't want to or by using uncached access.

Take a look at the bottom of <asm/io.h> which defines three functions which
do the cache flushing for you.  On machines that are cache coherent by
hardware like SGI's Origins these functions will simply be no-ops.

  Ralf

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Subject: Re: Question concerning cache coherency
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>I have an interesting issue that I would like to run past the MIPS/Linux
>newsgroup.  I am
>currently porting the MIPS/Linux code to a development board that has a
>IDT64475 MIPS
>core (64-bit R4xxx core).  I notice that this part does not have any
>method of maintaining
>cache coherency (i.e., no hardware support for cache coherency).  It is
>highly likely that we
>will be plugging in a network card on a PCI bus that would be DMA'ing to
>a shared memory
>space in SDRAM.  I assume that the problem of cache coherency is fixed
>by mapping the shared
>memory as uncached.  I have not dug into the network drivers (or the
>kernel) enough to know whether
>this is how the problem is addressed on typical MIPS architectures.  I
>guess I have two questions
>related to this issue;  Do devices that DMA, typically access uncached
>memory  and if so, is a second buffer
>required to copy from kernel to user space?  The second question is
>concerning the performance hit in
>running out of uncached memory,  Have people seen significant
>performance degradation when
>using uncached memory.  Any insight that anybody can provide would be
>greatly appreciated.


While some MIPS CPUs have mechanisms for hardware
cache coherence, many of them do not, and even systems
with coherent-I/O-capable CPUs often do not implement
the necessary protocol.

There are two basic options for dealing with caches
and DMA I/O:   flush the caches, or operate on
non-cached memory.  Sometimes one does both.  
A random  buffer being handed to a driver must be 
assumed  to have some portion of its contents cached, 
and  must be explicity flushed to memory (via 
hit_writeback_invalidate Cache instructions, or
dma_cache_wback_invalidate() calls in Linux) 
before being  presented to a DMA device.  

There's  a bit more discretion for data structures that 
are private to the driver/device.  If a data structure 
is going to be manipulated a great deal by the CPU 
before being DMAed, it will be worthwhile to treat it 
as cached and flush it out to memory when it is 
released to the I/O device.   If a data structure is
constantly shared between CPU and I/O, it is may be 
better to treat it as uncached rather than constantly
invoke the cache flush procedure.  There's a lot of
grey area in between where the optimal choice is
implementation and application dependent.

In an ethernet driver for a chip like a Lance or a Tulip ,
for example, which autonomously processes lists of 
buffers, the shared buffer descriptor lists might be treated 
as uncached  by the CPU, but transmit buffers coming 
in from further up the protocol stack and empty receive
buffers allocated from the general memory pool might 
be explicity flushed before being turned over to the I/O 
device.

Simple OS's like Linux (at least through 2.2.x) map the
kernel code and data through the kseg0/kseg1 mappings 
to physical memory, which makes it really simple to create 
an uncached data structure.  Including asm/io.h provides
a KSEG1ADDR() macro which just does an AND and an 
OR to generate an uncached alias.  This only works
for systems with 512M or less of memory, BTW.

Great care must be taken with uncached aliases, since
the behaviour of MIPS CPUs is not well defined if uncached
and cached accesses to the same location (or cache line)
are mixed.  I recommend allocating twice the maximum
cache line size (less 1 byte if you like) of kernel memory
in addition to the size of any data structure, and forcing
the alignment of the structure to the first cache line
boundary within the allocated block.  This should ensure
that no cached allocation of memory (or cached malloc
control structure) overlaps with the data structure, and
that it is thus safe to transform the pointer to the new
data structure to the kseg1 uncached form.  Of course,
if the structure is ever to be deallocated, the original
allocation address must be recoverable somehow.

            Regards,

            Kevin K.
.    


From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Thu Jan 20 18:40:26 2000
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From:   Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
To:     linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: paccess.h & dbe exception
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In <asm/paccess.h> I've provided a set of get_user / put_user like functions
that are protecting against DBE exceptions just like get_user / put_user
are protecting against ``normal'' types of page faults.  Unlike their
*_user counterparts there is no verify_area equivalent - the kernel is
supposed to know what addresses it is using.  These routines are useful
to implement things like hardware detection routines.  Or like on the
Origin where I needed them to protect the PCI code against accesses to
the configuration space of non-existant devices.  For now the code only
exists for MIPS64 / IP27 but it'll be easy to port.

  Ralf

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Subject: IP22 and lots of memory
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Some SGI IP22 systems which have more than a certain critical amount of
memory will overwrite firmware data structures which will result in
a crash when the sgiseeq Ethernet driver initializes.  With the 32-bit
kernel the critical amount of memory is somewhere between 128mb and 192mb
of memory; for the 64-bit kernel just half of it.  This will be fixed
in 2.3.23.

  Ralf

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From:   Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
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Subject: Unimplemented exception
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I get

| Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in install-info.

in my kernel messages, using 2.3.21 from cvs last week.

BTW, is it normal that 2.3.22 (from cvs today) doesn't work? I get tons of

| kmem_alloc: Bad slab magic (corrupt) (name=dentry_cache)

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

						Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven ----------------- Sony Suprastructure Center Europe (SUPC-E)
Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com ------------------- Sint-Stevens-Woluwestraat 55
Voice +32-2-7248632 Fax +32-2-7262686 ---------------- B-1130 Brussels, Belgium

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On Mon, 24 Jan 2000, Geert Uytterhoeven wrote:
> I get
> 
> | Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in install-info.
> 
> in my kernel messages, using 2.3.21 from cvs last week.

That message is from the floating point exception handler.  It looks like
the instruction is a CVT.W.S (convert to single fixed from single float).
This will require full floating point support from the kernel to handle
properly.  I have done some work on floating point support, but this is
not an instruction I have implemented yet.

-Andrew


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Message-ID: <388E2920.10597068@ti.com>
Date:   Tue, 25 Jan 2000 15:52:16 -0700
From:   Victor Wells <vwells@ti.com>
Organization: Texas Instruments
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*** Please excuse if you have received multiple copies of this message.
I was not
        correctly subscribed to the news group.    Thanks for everyones
patience.  ****

I am developing an embedded system that will boot from flash.
I would like to load a RAM based file system to physical memory
and then have the kernel mount the RAM disk as the Root
file system.

This is fairly straight forward using "initrd" because normal kernel
functions can accomplish it.  I would like to skip loading initrd and go



right to the final RAM disk if this is possible.

Our boot process is to:
1.) Load the kernel
2.) Load the RAM disk/Root file system
3.) Mount the RAM disk as the Root file system within the kernel

How can I hard code the kernel to know where the RAM disk will
exist in physical memory?   We do not have JTAG or any other means
to create the file system on the target platform prior to saving the
file
system to Flash.

Thanks,

Victor




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To:     gcc-bugs@gcc.gnu.org
Cc:     linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-gcc@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: bugfix: incorrect va_arg() definition for 32bit MIPS
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Date:   Wed, 26 Jan 2000 13:27:53 +0900
From:   Hiroyuki Machida <machida@sm.sony.co.jp>
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Hi.
I have been building gcc 2.95.2 on 32bit MIPS/Linux box.
During this work, I found a inverted 'ifdef' on defining 
va_arg() macro in gcc/ginclude/va-mips.h.
That is, definition of va_arg for 32bit little endian and 32bit big
endian is inverted.

You can repeat this problem running a attached test program.
I guess gcc on IRIX 5.? or O32 ABI box has same problem.
Have you ever experienced same problem on 32bit MIPS box?

Sample fix is attached at the bottom.

VERSION:
	gcc 2.95.2 on MIPS/Linux
	gcc 2.7.2  on MIPS/Linux 
	egcs-1.0.2 on MIPS/Linux


REPEAT BY:

Compile and run this program. 
The program will print "OK", if va_arg() accept args correclty.

/*
 * 
 * stdarg.c  -- Simple stdarg test.
 *	Pass #of pairs and (type, value) pairs using stdarg.h.
 *	And check if passed values are correctly accepted.
 *
 */

#include<stdarg.h>

int foo(int nargs, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	int i;
	int ng = 0;
	long long expected;
	long long passed;

	/* get # of args */
	va_start(ap, nargs);
	printf("  # of args:%d\n",nargs);

	for (i=1; i<= nargs ; i++) {
		char type;
		int d; long long ll; char c; char *s;

		/* calc. expceted value */
		expected=i; 
		if ( expected & 1 ) expected = -expected;

		/* get type of the arg */
		type = (char ) va_arg(ap, char);
		switch (type) {
		   case 'i': /* int */
			d = va_arg(ap, int);
			passed=d; 
			printf("%10s: expected:%3lld,\t passed:%3lld\n",
				"int", expected, passed);
			if ( passed != expected) ng ++;
			break;
		  case 'L':  /* long long */
			ll = va_arg(ap, long long);
			passed=ll;
			printf("%10s: expected:%3lld,\t passed:%3lld\n",
				"long long", expected, passed);
			if ( passed != expected) ng ++;
			break;
		  case 'c':  /* char */
			c = (char) va_arg(ap, char);
			passed=(long long) (c - '0');
			printf("%10s: expected:%3lld,\t passed:%3lld\n",
				"char", expected, passed);
			if ( passed != expected) ng ++;
			break;
		  case 's':  /* char * */
			s = va_arg(ap, char *);
			passed=(long long)atol(s);
			printf("%10s: expected:%3lld,\t passed:%3lld\n",
				"string", expected, passed);
			if ( passed != expected) ng ++;
			break;
		  default:  /* Unknown */
			printf("  unkown type:%4d: argptr:0x%8.8x\n",
				type,(void *)ap);
			ng ++;
			break;
		}
	}
	va_end(ap);
	return ng;
}

int main()
{
	int ng;

	printf("*\n");
	printf("* Simple stdarg test.\n");
	printf("*\n");

	/* Pass # of pairs and  (type, order<*>) pairs  */
	/* order<*> number must be minus value if order is odd */
	ng = foo(6,
		'i', -1,
		'c', '2',
		'L', (long long)-3,
		's', "4",
		'i', -5 ,
		'c', '6');

	if (ng) {
		printf("NG\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("OK\n");
	}
	return ng;
}






SAMPLE FIX:

gcc/ginclude/va-mips.h

retrieving revision 1.1.1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -p -r1.1.1.1 -r1.2
--- va-mips.h	1999/05/19 13:14:31	1.1.1.1
+++ va-mips.h	1999/11/08 09:48:26	1.2
@@ -254,19 +254,19 @@ void va_end (__gnuc_va_list);		/* Define
 
 #ifdef __MIPSEB__
 /* For big-endian machines.  */
+#define va_arg(__AP, __type)						    \
+  ((__type *) (void *) (__AP = (char *) ((__alignof__(__type) > 4	    \
+				? ((__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)__AP + 8 - 1) & -8	    \
+				: ((__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)__AP + 4 - 1) & -4)    \
+					 + __va_rounded_size(__type))))[-1]
+#else
+/* For little-endian machines.  */
 #define va_arg(__AP, __type)					\
   ((__AP = (char *) ((__alignof__ (__type) > 4			\
 		      ? ((__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)__AP + 8 - 1) & -8	\
 		      : ((__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)__AP + 4 - 1) & -4)	\
 		     + __va_rounded_size (__type))),		\
    *(__type *) (void *) (__AP - __va_rounded_size (__type)))
-#else
-/* For little-endian machines.  */
-#define va_arg(__AP, __type)						    \
-  ((__type *) (void *) (__AP = (char *) ((__alignof__(__type) > 4	    \
-				? ((__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)__AP + 8 - 1) & -8	    \
-				: ((__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)__AP + 4 - 1) & -4)    \
-					 + __va_rounded_size(__type))))[-1]
 #endif
 #endif
 #endif /* ! defined (__mips_eabi)  */


---
Hiroyuki Machida		machida@sm.sony.co.jp
Creative Station		SCEI / Sony Corp.

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Wed Jan 26 07:41:06 2000
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From:   "Martin, Mark" <MMartin@consorta.com>
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Subject: ec3 and the wd33c95 controllers
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It's probably been asked enough to be a FAQ, but I'm interested in running
linux on my challenge-s.  I do have an Indy, but would rather host
development (if I'm able to contribute any) off of my sparc or i386 linux
boxen.  I'd set up a network boot for the challenge-s, but it's useless to
me without the wide scsi or ec3 support.  I, of course, don't have the
development tools for Irix, which is why I'm so intent on getting linux
running on the challenge-s (to get gcc/egcs and a decent dev environ).
 
So my question?  Where can I begin?  Checking cvs, there isn't any start to
the wd33c95 controller, and I've no idear where to start with that.  I
haven't looked for the start of an ec3 driver, but I suspect that's also a
no go.  I'd like to contribute as much as I can, with the limited knowledge
I have of hardware programming.  I'm sure I can fake it if I need to, though
(#^).
 
 

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Wed Jan 26 11:32:21 2000
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From:   Harald Koerfgen <Harald.Koerfgen@home.ivm.de>
To:     Victor Wells <vwells@ti.com>
Subject: RE: Embedded system with RAM Disk
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On 25-Jan-00 Victor Wells wrote:

> I am developing an embedded system that will boot from flash.
> I would like to load a RAM based file system to physical memory
> and then have the kernel mount the RAM disk as the Root
> file system.
[...]
> 
> Our boot process is to:
> 1.) Load the kernel
> 2.) Load the RAM disk/Root file system
> 3.) Mount the RAM disk as the Root file system within the kernel
> 
> How can I hard code the kernel to know where the RAM disk will
> exist in physical memory?

Once upon a time I had a hack which did something similar, linking a ramdisk
image into the kernel image which resulted in a single file for kernel+ramdisk.

This is not only a nice feature for installation kernels but a must for boxes
which are only capable to boot a single file, for example via TFTP.

The current mechanism, i.e. "addinitrd", works for some boxen which boot ECOFF
kernel images, but even not for all of them. Creating an kernel+ramdisk ELF
image and converting that into ECOFF, on the other hand, even works for
DECstations. Depending on how you fiddle with the linker scripts the ramdisk
image can easily reside in ROM or flash or whatever.

Well, somehow this hack didn't make it into the mainstream kernel but came to a
new life within the LinuxCE project and I am beginning to wonder if we should
make this the default.

Opinions?

---
Regards,
Harald

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Wed Jan 26 20:43:17 2000
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On 06-Jan-2000 Ulf Carlsson wrote:
> Yeah, and that's what I tried to get working but I ran into other problems
> with
> the dynamic loading of X modules and stuff so I never got the chance to
> concentrate on the driver.  I have the early stages of a driver around
> though.

And is this code available anywhere?  I noticed that the FTP and web
servers are terribly out of date.  Is everyone keeping their own separate
copies of code for the MIPS/Indy platform, or am I just not looking in the
right places?

-- 
M. Adam Kendall         |  
mak@kha0s.org           |  "There's never enough time to do
http://kha0s.org        |  all the nothing you want."
                        |   --Bill Watterson (Calvin and Hobbes)

From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Wed Jan 26 21:18:27 2000
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        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
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The new bootmem memory detection stuff did break most of the supported
platforms.  Right now I only ensured that the IP22 compiles and IP27
actually works again.  Patches, please :-)

  Ralf

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To:     Charles Lepple <clepple@negativezero.org>
Cc:     Harald Koerfgen <Harald.Koerfgen@home.ivm.de>,
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On Wed, Jan 26, 2000 at 08:26:34PM -0500, Charles Lepple wrote:

> The PPC board that I used would not load ELF images with extra sections,
> so I resurrected some code that would convert the ramdisk (and gzipped
> vmlinux, actually -- I'm not sure if the MIPS code does anything like
> this) into assembly 'define word' statements, assemble the resulting
> file, and link it in. The file had symbols for initrd_start & _length,
> and the assembly was surprisingly quick. The ramdisk, in effect, became
> part of the data section of the kernel image (zImage, actually).

In which case the PPC's ELF loader is hopless broken.  An ELF loader is
a quite simple thing, it only needs to process all the PT_LOAD entries
in the programm header table, done.

  Ralf

PS: negativezero.org - I thought one's complement machines are dead
    by now ;-)

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Date:   Fri, 28 Jan 2000 16:46:34 -0500
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I've put most of the info I've accumulated about Linux on the 540 up
at
http://www.lcse.umn.edu/~adi/visws/

including
 - kernel configuration info
 - XFree86 configuration info
 - arclx.exe and ARC configuration info

-andy
-- 
Andy Isaacson  http://web.mr-happy.com/~adisaacs/   Fight Spam, join CAUCE:
adi@acm.org adisaacs@mr-happy.com isaacson@cs.umn.edu   www.cauce.org

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--------------F3D7B55FFD548980CE46B13B
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I have question concerning the memory configuration variables in the
MIPS/Linux
codebase.  I am working on a board that has 64Mbytes (0x400 0000) of
SDRAM.  We
are using an R4000 core and have the memory map setup so that KSEG0 &
KSEG1 both
map to address 0x0 in physical memory.  On our embedded system we are
going to hard
code the variable mips_memory_upper (This eventually is stored in
memory_end).  My
question is what I should initialize the value to?  Do I treat the top
of memory as KSEG1
+ 64Mbytes? (i.e., 0xA400 0000) or do I initialize it realative to 0?
If anybody has any
insights in this area, any information would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Jeff

--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jeff Harrell                    Work:  (801) 619-6104
Broadband Access group/TI
jharrell@ti.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



--------------F3D7B55FFD548980CE46B13B
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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
I&nbsp;have question concerning the memory configuration variables in the
MIPS/Linux
<br>codebase.&nbsp; I am working on a board that has 64Mbytes (0x400 0000)
of SDRAM.&nbsp; We
<br>are using an R4000 core and have the memory map setup so that KSEG0
&amp; KSEG1 both
<br>map to address 0x0 in physical memory.&nbsp; On our embedded system
we are going to hard
<br>code the variable mips_memory_upper (This eventually is stored in memory_end).&nbsp;
My
<br>question is what I should initialize the value to?&nbsp; Do I treat
the top of memory as KSEG1
<br>+ 64Mbytes? (i.e., 0xA400 0000) or do I initialize it realative to
0?&nbsp; If anybody has any
<br>insights in this area, any information would be greatly appreciated.
<p>Thanks,
<br>Jeff
<pre>--&nbsp;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jeff Harrell&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Work:&nbsp; (801) 619-6104&nbsp;
Broadband Access group/TI&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
jharrell@ti.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</pre>
&nbsp;</html>

--------------F3D7B55FFD548980CE46B13B--


From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Fri Jan 28 16:34:27 2000
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Date:   Fri, 28 Jan 2000 19:37:25 +0100
From:   Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
To:     Charles Lepple <clepple@negativezero.org>
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Subject: Re: Embedded system with RAM Disk
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On Thu, Jan 27, 2000 at 09:26:50PM -0500, Charles Lepple wrote:

> Ralf Baechle wrote:
> > On Wed, Jan 26, 2000 at 08:26:34PM -0500, Charles Lepple wrote:
> > > The PPC board that I used would not load ELF images with extra sections,
> [...]
> > In which case the PPC's ELF loader is hopless broken.  An ELF loader is
> > a quite simple thing, it only needs to process all the PT_LOAD entries
> > in the programm header table, done.
> 
> sorry to spam the lists, but I just have to clear the PPC name :-)
> 
> The boot firmware was for VxWorks, which evidently uses files which
> resemble ELF binaries down to the headers. I won't name the company who
> wrote the BSP, but it was pretty weak code (a little research in the
> Linux/PPC lists may turn stuff up though...)
> 
> Most standards-compilant (PReP, CHRP) boards do load things correctly,
> however.

On the MIPS-side the price for firmware weirdness goes to SNI's ARC firmware
which always loads programs to the address specified in the address + 8
bytes.  The really sick thing is that behaviour is even allowed by the
ARC spec even though it's truly undesired behaviour for a kernel loader.

Luckily this can be fixed with objcopy :-)

  Ralf

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Date:   Fri, 28 Jan 2000 21:29:09 +0100
From:   Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
To:     linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com, linux-mips@fnet.fr,
        linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: WCHAN on R3000
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I've got bugreports which looks like get_wchan() is buggy.  For my machines
things look ok, so I assume only R3000 machines might be affected.  Anybody
seen the message ``Bug in get_wchan''?  Does the WCHAN column of ``ps axl''
look sane?

  Ralf

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On Fri, Jan 28, 2000 at 03:32:22PM -0700, Jeff Harrell wrote:

> I have question concerning the memory configuration variables in the
> MIPS/Linux codebase.  I am working on a board that has 64Mbytes
> (0x400 0000) of SDRAM.  We are using an R4000 core and have the memory
> map setup so that KSEG0 & KSEG1 both map to address 0x0 in physical
> memory.  On our embedded system we are going to hard code the variable
> mips_memory_upper (This eventually is stored in memory_end).  My
> question is what I should initialize the value to?  Do I treat the top
> of memory as KSEG1 + 64Mbytes? (i.e., 0xA400 0000) or do I initialize it
> realative to 0?  If anybody has any insights in this area, any
> information would be greatly appreciated.

I killed mips_memory_upper in 2.3.27.  Now the kernel uses the same
bootmem functions as the other machines to implement that functionality.
I suggest you take a look at arch/mips64/sgi-ip27/ip27-memory.c for
a simple example how to use this interface.

  Ralf

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Date:   Fri, 28 Jan 2000 21:25:41 -0600
From:   Ken Wills <kenwills@mailbag.com>
To:     linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com
Cc:     ralf@oss.sgi.com
Subject: (forw)
Message-ID: <20000128212848.A2635@spanky.yaberk.int>
Reply-To: re:bugsinwchan@yaberk.int
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My dmesg gives me: (It's chopped slightly).

: 3, 32768 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Checking for 'wait' instruction...  available.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.3
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 16384)
Starting kswapd v1.6
SGI Zilog8530 serial driver version 1.00
tty00 at 0xbfbd9830 (irq = 21) is a Zilog8530
tty01 at 0xbfbd9838 (irq = 21) is a Zilog8530
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
DS1286 Real Time Clock Driver v1.0
streamable misc devices registered (keyb:150, gfx:148)
wd33c93-0: chip=WD33c93B/13 no_sync=0xff no_dma=0 debug_flags=0x00
           setup_args=,,,,,,,,,
           Version 1.25 - 09/Jul/1997, Compiled Jan 16 2000 at 02:27:32
scsi0 : SGI WD93
scsi : 1 host.
 sending SDTR 0103013f0csync_xfer=2c  Vendor: SGI       Model: SEAGATE ST31230N  Rev: 0272
  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 1, lun 0
 sending SDTR 0103013f0csync_xfer=2c  Vendor: Quantum   Model: XP32150W          Rev: L912
  Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Detected scsi disk sdb at scsi0, channel 0, id 2, lun 0
scsi : detected 2 SCSI disks total.
SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 2070235 [1010 MB] [1.0 GB]
SCSI device sdb: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 4406960 [2151 MB] [2.2 GB]
sgiseeq.c: David S. Miller (dm@engr.sgi.com)
eth0: SGI Seeq8003 08:00:69:09:24:b4 
Sending BOOTP requests.... OK
IP-Config: Got BOOTP answer from 192.168.1.8, my address is 192.168.1.4
Partition check:
 sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4
 sdb: sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb4
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.
Freeing prom memory: 768k freed
Freeing unused kernel memory: 60k freed
Unable to find swap-space signature
Adding Swap: 40464k swap-space (priority -1)
Unable to find swap-space signature
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
...
...
Many of these messages
...
...
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan

This is on a 133mhz R4600 Indy - 96mb ram.  Linux 2.3.21.
This is the only odd thing I notice, top looks fine.
Anything I can do to help?

-- 

Ken Wills
kenwills@mailbag.com

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If there was ever anything that deserved a slashdot, this is it.

I would appreciate your participation.

http://neutron.resnet.gatech.edu/qt-petition.html

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On Fri, Jan 28, 2000 at 09:25:41PM -0600, Ken Wills wrote:

> This is on a 133mhz R4600 Indy - 96mb ram.  Linux 2.3.21.
> This is the only odd thing I notice, top looks fine.
> Anything I can do to help?

No, I only needed a pointer to configurations / versions where it actually
happens.  I should be able to fix the bug easily.

  Ralf

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Hello

Thanks for the VisWS information. I have a 320 and have noticed
the misinterpretation of the Backspace key that you mentioned on
your page. What is the origin of that problem? Does anyone
out there have a fix?

Jason

BTW, I noticed the really nice visualizations of the star on
the LCSE page. How were they created?

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On Fri, Jan 28, 2000 at 09:29:09PM +0100, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> I've got bugreports which looks like get_wchan() is buggy.  For my machines
> things look ok, so I assume only R3000 machines might be affected.  Anybody
> seen the message ``Bug in get_wchan''?  Does the WCHAN column of ``ps axl''
> look sane?

I think i already reported this ..

------[dmesg output]------------------------------
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Bug in get_wchan
Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------
(root@repeat)~# cat /proc/cpuinfo 
cpu                     : MIPS
cpu model               : R4000SC V3.0
system type             : Digital DECstation 5000/1xx
BogoMIPS                : 49.81
byteorder               : little endian
unaligned accesses      : 0
wait instruction        : no
microsecond timers      : yes
extra interrupt vector  : no
hardware watchpoint     : yes
VCED exceptions         : 750604
VCEI exceptions         : 4523546
(root@repeat)~# uname -a
Linux repeat 2.3.21 #1 Tue Jan 4 18:39:20 GMT 2000 mips unknown
------------------------------------

I dont know if you call this "sane" ...

-------------------------------
(root@repeat)~# ps axl
Unknown HZ value! (0) Assume 100.
  F   UID   PID  PPID PRI  NI   VSZ  RSS  WCHAN STAT TTY        TIME COMMAND
  100     0     1     0   0   0  1244  472  5a748 S    ?          0:15 init
  040     0     2     1   0   0     0    0  5a748 SW   ?          0:01 [kswapd]
  040     0     3     1   0   0     0    0  5a748 SW   ?          0:01 [kflushd]
  140     0   105     1   0   0  3772  828  5a6e0 S    ?          0:24 /usr/sbin/s
  140     0   113     1   0   0  1556  536  5a6e0 S    ?          0:04 syslogd
  140     0   120     1   0   0  1264  472  5ebb0 S    ?          0:00 klogd
  140     0   129     1   0   0  1524  468  5a6e0 S    ?          0:00 inetd
  140     0   142     1   0   0  1192  280  5a748 S    ?          0:12 update (bdf
  100     0   300     1   0   0  2612  720  5a748 S    ?          0:07 /usr/lib/po
  100   502   302   300   0   0  2716  824  5a748 S    ?          0:00 qmgr -l -t 
  100     0 17438     1   0   0  1624  584  5a748 S    ?          0:00 /sbin/mgett
  100   502 17439   300   0   0  2648  688  5a748 S    ?          0:00 pickup -l -
  140     0 17442   105   0   0  6080 1452  5a748 S    ?          0:01 /usr/sbin/s
  100     0 17444 17442   0   0  3232 1324  64a2c S    ttyp0      0:01 -bash
  100     0 17452 17444   0   0  3028  728      - R    ttyp0      0:00 ps axl
-------------------------------

Flo
-- 
Florian Lohoff		flo@rfc822.org		      	+49-5241-470566
"Technology is a constant battle between manufacturers producing bigger and
more idiot-proof systems and nature producing bigger and better idiots."


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From:   "Kevin D. Kissell" <kevink@mips.com>
To:     "Florian Lohoff" <flo@rfc822.org>,
        "Ralf Baechle" <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
Cc:     <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>, <linux-mips@fnet.fr>,
        <linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu>
Subject: Re: WCHAN on R3000
Date:   Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:22:27 +0100
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Note, however, that the incident below happened
on an R4000 platform, not an R3K.   It's probably
more significant that it was on a DECstation, thus
a little-endian platform.  Which set of binaries are
you running?   From your ps output, I don't think
they are the same as I run, and I don't see this
behaviour on my little-endian system.   Most of
the fixes for little-endian kernels that we've made at
MIPS have found their way into the SGI repository,
but one may have been missed, or we may have
an as-yet-undiscovered bug on our hands.

Why on earth would ps be doing a floating point
conversion in the course of displaying wchan,
anyway???

            Kevin K.
__

Kevin D. Kissell
MIPS Technologies European Architecture Lab
kevink@mips.com
Tel. +33.4.78.38.70.67
FAX. +33.4.78.38.70.68

-----Original Message-----
From: Florian Lohoff <flo@rfc822.org>
To: Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>
Cc: linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com <linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com>; linux-mips@fnet.fr
<linux-mips@fnet.fr>; linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu <linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu>
Date: Sunday, January 30, 2000 12:16 AM
Subject: Re: WCHAN on R3000


>On Fri, Jan 28, 2000 at 09:29:09PM +0100, Ralf Baechle wrote:
>> I've got bugreports which looks like get_wchan() is buggy.  For my machines
>> things look ok, so I assume only R3000 machines might be affected.  Anybody
>> seen the message ``Bug in get_wchan''?  Does the WCHAN column of ``ps axl''
>> look sane?
>
>I think i already reported this ..
>
>------[dmesg output]------------------------------
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Bug in get_wchan
>Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
>Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
>Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
>Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
>Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
>Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
>Setting flush to zero for dpkg-source.
>Unimplemented exception for insn 4620a0a4 at 0x0046f084 in dpkg-source.
>Should send SIGFPE to dpkg-source
>------------------------------------------
>
>------------------------------------------
>(root@repeat)~# cat /proc/cpuinfo
>cpu                     : MIPS
>cpu model               : R4000SC V3.0
>system type             : Digital DECstation 5000/1xx
>BogoMIPS                : 49.81
>byteorder               : little endian
>unaligned accesses      : 0
>wait instruction        : no
>microsecond timers      : yes
>extra interrupt vector  : no
>hardware watchpoint     : yes
>VCED exceptions         : 750604
>VCEI exceptions         : 4523546
>(root@repeat)~# uname -a
>Linux repeat 2.3.21 #1 Tue Jan 4 18:39:20 GMT 2000 mips unknown
>------------------------------------
>
>I dont know if you call this "sane" ...
>
>-------------------------------
>(root@repeat)~# ps axl
>Unknown HZ value! (0) Assume 100.
>  F   UID   PID  PPID PRI  NI   VSZ  RSS  WCHAN STAT TTY        TIME COMMAND
>  100     0     1     0   0   0  1244  472  5a748 S    ?          0:15 init
>  040     0     2     1   0   0     0    0  5a748 SW   ?          0:01 [kswapd]
>  040     0     3     1   0   0     0    0  5a748 SW   ?          0:01
[kflushd]
>  140     0   105     1   0   0  3772  828  5a6e0 S    ?          0:24
/usr/sbin/s
>  140     0   113     1   0   0  1556  536  5a6e0 S    ?          0:04 syslogd
>  140     0   120     1   0   0  1264  472  5ebb0 S    ?          0:00 klogd
>  140     0   129     1   0   0  1524  468  5a6e0 S    ?          0:00 inetd
>  140     0   142     1   0   0  1192  280  5a748 S    ?          0:12 update
(bdf
>  100     0   300     1   0   0  2612  720  5a748 S    ?          0:07
/usr/lib/po
>  100   502   302   300   0   0  2716  824  5a748 S    ?          0:00
qmgr -l -t
>  100     0 17438     1   0   0  1624  584  5a748 S    ?          0:00
/sbin/mgett
>  100   502 17439   300   0   0  2648  688  5a748 S    ?          0:00
pickup -l -
>  140     0 17442   105   0   0  6080 1452  5a748 S    ?          0:01
/usr/sbin/s
>  100     0 17444 17442   0   0  3232 1324  64a2c S    ttyp0      0:01 -bash
>  100     0 17452 17444   0   0  3028  728      - R    ttyp0      0:00 ps axl
>-------------------------------
>
>Flo
>--
>Florian Lohoff flo@rfc822.org       +49-5241-470566
>"Technology is a constant battle between manufacturers producing bigger and
>more idiot-proof systems and nature producing bigger and better idiots."
>


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To:     "Kevin D. Kissell" <kevink@mips.com>
Cc:     Ralf Baechle <ralf@oss.sgi.com>, linux@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com,
        linux-mips@fnet.fr, linux-mips@vger.rutgers.edu
Subject: Re: WCHAN on R3000
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On Sun, Jan 30, 2000 at 12:22:27PM +0100, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:
> Note, however, that the incident below happened
> on an R4000 platform, not an R3K.   It's probably
> more significant that it was on a DECstation, thus
> a little-endian platform.  Which set of binaries are
> you running?   From your ps output, I don't think
> they are the same as I run, and I don't see this
> behaviour on my little-endian system.   Most of
> the fixes for little-endian kernels that we've made at
> MIPS have found their way into the SGI repository,
> but one may have been missed, or we may have
> an as-yet-undiscovered bug on our hands.
> 
> Why on earth would ps be doing a floating point
> conversion in the course of displaying wchan,
> anyway???

The binariers are homebrewed - Debian potato source package.

The system is based on the decroot something + a lot debian packages
i built myself ...

(root@repeat)~# ps -V
Unknown HZ value! (0) Assume 100.
procps version 2.0.3
(root@repeat)~#

Flo
-- 
Florian Lohoff		flo@rfc822.org		      	+49-5241-470566
"Technology is a constant battle between manufacturers producing bigger and
more idiot-proof systems and nature producing bigger and better idiots."


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On Sun, 30 Jan 2000, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:

> Note, however, that the incident below happened
> on an R4000 platform, not an R3K.   It's probably
> more significant that it was on a DECstation, thus
> a little-endian platform.

More specific the DECstation platform.

> >(root@repeat)~# ps axl
> >Unknown HZ value! (0) Assume 100.

The HZ_TO_STD problem Ralf asked to fix caused by a overhaul of
fs/proc/array.c, I'm working on a patch.

Regards,
Richard


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Date:   Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:52:39 -0800
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Subject: Open GL Full Release
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I hear SGI has Open Sourced all of Open GL. Can anyone confirm this? If =
so what will this mean to SGI Linux????
Also, at this stage what sgi system would be most compatible / easy to =
setup to run linux on? I had an Indigo 2 IP22 system with 128megs of =
ram, but It just wouldn't work.

-Bob



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<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>I hear SGI has Open Sourced all of Open GL. Can =
anyone confirm=20
this? If so what will this mean to SGI Linux????</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Also, at this stage what sgi system would be most =
compatible /=20
easy to setup to run linux on? I had an Indigo 2 IP22 system with =
128megs of=20
ram, but It just wouldn't work.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>-Bob</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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You can go to oss.sgi.com/projects/ogl-sample. You can even go to 
www.sgi.com and  the OpenGL sample issue is front page.

Steve...

At 12:52 PM 01/30/2000 -0800, Bob Pielock wrote:
>I hear SGI has Open Sourced all of Open GL. Can anyone confirm this? If so 
>what will this mean to SGI Linux????
>Also, at this stage what sgi system would be most compatible / easy to 
>setup to run linux on? I had an Indigo 2 IP22 system with 128megs of ram, 
>but It just wouldn't work.
>
>-Bob
>
>

Steve Poole
Technical Therapist
Phone 713.468.4305
Fax   713.465.7146

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<html>
You can go to oss.sgi.com/projects/ogl-sample. You can even go to
<a href="http://www.sgi.com/" eudora="autourl">www.sgi.com</a> and&nbsp;
the OpenGL sample issue is front page.<br>
<br>
Steve...<br>
<br>
At 12:52 PM 01/30/2000 -0800, Bob Pielock wrote:<br>
<font size=2><blockquote type=cite cite>I hear SGI has Open Sourced all
of Open GL. Can anyone confirm this? If so what will this mean to SGI
Linux????</font><br>
Also, at this stage what sgi system would be most compatible / easy to
setup to run linux on? I had an Indigo 2 IP22 system with 128megs of ram,
but It just wouldn't work.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<font size=2>-Bob</font><br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;</blockquote><br>
<div>Steve Poole</div>
<div>Technical Therapist</div>
<div>Phone 713.468.4305</div>
<div>Fax&nbsp;&nbsp; 713.465.7146</div>
</html>

--=====================_158911087==_.ALT--


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Subject: Re: WCHAN on R3000
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On Sun, Jan 30, 2000 at 12:05:42PM +0100, Florian Lohoff wrote:

> (root@repeat)~# ps -V
> Unknown HZ value! (0) Assume 100.
> procps version 2.0.3
> (root@repeat)~#

Can you track down why this one happens?  It doesn't happen with the
stock Redhat procps thing which I'm using, whatever version that is.

  Ralf

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On Sun, Jan 30, 2000 at 12:22:27PM +0100, Kevin D. Kissell wrote:

> Why on earth would ps be doing a floating point
> conversion in the course of displaying wchan,
> anyway???

Nothing.  Last I checked ps the fp calculation was for displaying the time
column.

  Ralf

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On Sat, Jan 29, 2000 at 11:33:25PM +0100, Florian Lohoff wrote:

> (root@repeat)~# cat /proc/cpuinfo 
[...]
> VCED exceptions         : 750604
> VCEI exceptions         : 4523546
[...]

> I dont know if you call this "sane" ...

The large number of VCEI exceptions smells.  How long has this machine
been up?

  Ralf

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On Sat, Jan 29, 2000 at 11:33:25PM +0100, Florian Lohoff wrote:

> (root@repeat)~# cat /proc/cpuinfo 
[...]
> VCED exceptions         : 750604
> VCEI exceptions         : 4523546
[...]

> I dont know if you call this "sane" ...

The large number of VCEI exceptions smells.  How long has this machine
been up?

  Ralf

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On Mon, Jan 31, 2000 at 05:33:26AM +0100, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> On Sat, Jan 29, 2000 at 11:33:25PM +0100, Florian Lohoff wrote:
> 
> > (root@repeat)~# cat /proc/cpuinfo 
> [...]
> > VCED exceptions         : 750604
> > VCEI exceptions         : 4523546
> [...]
> 
> > I dont know if you call this "sane" ...
> 
> The large number of VCEI exceptions smells.  How long has this machine
> been up?

Around ~26 days (I dont know what this would be with corrected 100Hz bug)

Flo
-- 
Florian Lohoff		flo@rfc822.org		      	+49-5241-470566
"Technology is a constant battle between manufacturers producing bigger and
more idiot-proof systems and nature producing bigger and better idiots."


From owner-linuxmips@oss.sgi.com Mon Jan 31 05:49:05 2000
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Hello,

I've recently downloaded the hardhat distribution and installed it without
much problems. But the kernel (2.1.100) which comes with the distribution
seems to crash after a day or so. So I tried to compile some other
kernels, but this seems to be a lot trickier than on a i386: I've only
succeeded in compiling a few kernels, of which only one actually worked
(linux-19991209.tar.gz from ftp.linux.sgi.com). Well, 'worked' doens't
really describe what it does, since it seems to be pretty buggy kernel:
Page faults, bus errors,... 
Now, my question is: can I get a stable kernel somewhere ?

Bye,
Jori



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